Social Structure And Anomie Merton - 995 Words

During reading 11, Social Structure and Anomie, Merton explains that deviance is a part of our culture and is a result of the collision of culturally defined goals and the social structure that limits the ways of achieving those goals. The American society values economic success but our structure makes it so not everyone can be successful. Elements that contribute to this consist of culturally defined goals, purposes, and interest. It makes an aspirational idea, or a â€Å"design for group living.† Based on Lintons’s ideas some of these aspirations are related to the drive a man has. Another phase of the social structure is defining, regulating, and controlling the acceptable ways to achieve the goals we make. Every social group has its ideas of what they desire with moral or institutional regulation of permissible and required procedures for attaining these goals. The vast majority of society works to get an education and then works to achieve material, even though mo st will not become millionaires, but they will achieve the middle-class American dreams. This majority is conforming to society and the ways they achieve their goals. Although most Americans follow Merton’s conformity adaption for a successful life, many do not. Norms are not always followed and people will do whatever it takes to be successful. Therefore Merton’s conformity adaption isn’t the only way people achieve the American dream, Merton created four more adaptions that explain the ways in which peopleShow MoreRelatedAnomie Theory1630 Words   |  7 PagesAnomie theory is important for explaining whether crime is a normal or abnormal (pathological) social phenomenon (Cartwright, 2011). It describes a lack of social norms, lawlessness and normlessness (Cartwright, 2013). In detail, it is a breakdown of social bonds between an individual and the community. This theory was first coined by Emile Durkheim, a French sociologist in his book Suicide published in 1897 (Cartwright, 2013). Later on, Robert Merton, the President of American Sociological AssociationRead MoreRobert Merton Stain Theory1204 Words   |  5 PagesRobert Merton’s Anomie/Strain Theory James King Jr. Savannah State University Theories of Criminal Behavior Prof. W. Brooks March 4, 2012 Since the beginning of mankind criminality has been a major problem and the most debated topic of interest by theorist on the grounds of why crime is committed, who is more prone to commit crime, and what prevents people from committing delinquent acts. The formulation of the Stain theory and Anomie Theory by Robert Merton give insight on the many questionRead MoreDurkheim And The Study Of Suicide1479 Words   |  6 Pageswhich resulted in the creation of anomie (Durkheim, 1893, p.200). Taylor highlights this in his book Durkheim and the Study of Suicide (1982) Taylors version claims that suicide is ever present within modern organic societies due to the breakdown in social cohesion: Durkheim claimed that within society there were two main reasons for the increase in suicide rates: egoistic suicide increased when individual members of society did not assimilate into society’s social life, as for anomic suicide thisRead MoreCrime Society - Durkheims Theory of Crime1004 Words   |  5 PagesCRIME AND SOCIETY How might Durkheim’s concept of anomie be used to explain the deviant behaviour that is becoming apparent in all strata of society? Emile Durkeim, describes how societies begin in simple forms of interaction and are held together by solidarity and likenesses. These homogenous societies he called â€Å"mechanical† with the growth of societies, together with technical and economic advances, make the inter-relationships more complicated and diverse. Members of society become moreRead MoreWhy Merton s Anomie And Strain Theories Have Been Regarded As A Valuable Analytical Framework For Studyieng Deviant And851 Words   |  4 PagesRobert Merton’s anomie and strain theories have been regarded as a valuable analytical framework for studyieng deviant and criminal behaviors (Deï ¬â€šem, 2003). In 1938, Merton first presented his theory, which has become the springboard for plenty of subsequent theoretical discussions. His contributions on social structures and anomie has been frequently quoted and heralded as one of the most important theories in sociology. Although anomie and strain theory can be seen as an undisputed classic, theRead MoreThe Causes Of Deviant Behavior, Psychological Approach And Sociological Approach1676 Words   |  7 Pages in which sociological criminologists particularly focus on emphasising crime as a social phenomenon, and examine how cultural and social elements causing criminal behaviour. Specifically, strain theory is one of the sociological explanations which states that certain strains or stressors would create pressure for non-conformist behaviour. The strain theories include genre of types, such as anomie theory (Merton, 1938), relative deprivation theory (Crosby, 1976; Davis, 1959; Gurr, 1970; RuncimanRead MoreAnomie and General Strain Theories of Crime Essay1267 Words   |  6 PagesAnomie/Strain Theory Historical Background The theoretical framework of strain theory can be credited to sociologist Emile Durkheim. Durkheim research on formed a platform for other sociologist to further develop strain theories of crime. One of which is Robert Merton. One of Durkheim’s major works that opened the door to further research on strain theories was his book, Suicide. In this book Durkheim sough to understand the why led to one’s own self-destruction. Emile Durkheim studied suicide ratesRead MoreYouth Deviance Essay1376 Words   |  6 Pagesmembership and subcultures with a means of social belonging, social interest and ethnic identity. There are several sociological and subcultural theories which deem to explain deviance. Some of the theories are functionalist pretentious that criminal activity is motivated by economic needs, while others conceive a social class basis for deviance. Deviance sociologically can be defined as a norm or rule-breaking behaviour which in most cases is focused to negative social sanctions. It describes actions orRead MoreClassic Strain Theory Essays1443 Words   |  6 PagesClassic Strain Theory, as introduced and defined by Robert Merton, is a Social Structure Theory used to help explain the effect one’s community, most notably lower class areas, has on their ability to achieve predetermined goals, usually considered culturally normal. Merton theorized that all people in a various culture and social structure have similar values, goals, and norms. He stated that within this social structure there are individuals who come from affluent upbringing and are therefore moreRead MoreThe Strain Theory Of Criminal Behavior And Is A Breakdown Of Why People Commit Crimes1633 Words   |  7 Pagesdeveloped by an American Sociologist Robert K. Merton (1910-2003). Merton believed that the society influences deviance and plays a huge role in criminals committing crimes. Emile Durkheim (1858-1957) presented the earliest version of the strain theory. He believed that well-built societies set restrictions on individual goals, meaning that the person was given a chance to achieve their goals. Durkheim theory centers on the pursuit of limitless goals, whereas Merton theory targets the lower economic individuals

Essay about Welfare Reform Promoting Independence and...

Welfare Reform: Promoting Independence and Self-Reliance Mary Smith gets up every day at 6 am and begins to hustle around the house. She rouses her three children from their slumber and forces them to get ready for school. Once the kids are on the bus, she hops in her car and heads off to her job at the local fast food restaurant. After working her seven hours at the restaurant, she goes to her night course at the college in town. The course she is taking will help her get her high school diploma and possibly lead her to a successful career. These two things have been dreams of Marys for so long, but she hasnt been able to attain them until now. She has been on welfare since the age of eighteen after having her first baby,†¦show more content†¦2 par. 1). The basic plan of the reform was to make welfare recipients more responsible for their families and require them to go out and find a job. Bill Archer summed up the reform in this way, The time has come to replace this failed system...a new system that turns the social sa fety net from a trap into a trampoline, a new system that rewards work and personal responsibility in families (Clinton 25). To accomplish the goal of self-reliance for recipients, Clinton proposed that states and communities should develop training programs to help people get the basic skills they need to remain a strong contestant in the job market. Many communities took the initiative and developed these programs. In most cases, the training programs have been successful, but there are still critics who argue against them. Those who stand in opposition claim that most state and employer programs focus on getting recipients quickly into jobs, rather than on providing training that could help workers escape the low-skill, low-pay syndrome (Hammonds 102). However, there are many programs that refute this comment. In Grand Rapids, Michigan, Cascade Engineering Inc. and Burger King of West Michigan have come up with a plan that gives recipients an opportunity to climb up the ladder of work from the French fryer to the factory floor. The program starts with recipients working six months for $6 to $7 an hour at Burger King, where they pick up basic work habits. At the sameShow MoreRelatedPaper Presentation on Women Empowerment and Self Help Groups by Mrs. Rebecca Thomas Lecturer in Commerce Nes Ratnam College, Bhandup(W). Women Empowerment and Self Help Groups Introduction Women3429 Words   |  14 PagesPAPER PRESENTATION ON WOMEN EMPOWERMENT AND SELF HELP GROUPS BY Mrs. REBECCA THOMAS Lecturer in Commerce NES Ratnam College, Bhandup(W). WOMEN EMPOWERMENT AND SELF HELP GROUPS Introduction Women and children, who represent more than two-thirds (67.7%) of the countrys total population, constitute the most important target group in the context of the present day developmental planning. Therefore their concerns are placed on the priority list of the countrys developmental agenda. For moreRead MoreWelfare Reform Should Require Recipients to Work Essay1885 Words   |  8 Pages The number of Americans taking part in the welfare system today has hit 12 million, an all-time high, proving its significance in government. Americans not on welfare complain about the unfairness it causes, but have yet to propose a better plan. Changing these government assistance programs sounds easier than it really is, because while it may rid of those who take advantage of the free money, it also leaves plenty of helpless Americans to fend for themselves. In a society where Americans are compensatedRead MoreSocial Reformers of India2306 Words   |  10 Pagesthe Indian independence movement. He was the pioneer of satyagraha—resistance to tyranny through mass civil disobedience, firmly founded upon ahimsa or total non violence—which led India to independence and inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world. Gandhi led nationwide campaigns to ease poverty, expand women s rights, build religious and ethnic amity, end untouchability, and increase economic self-reliance. Above all, he aimed to achieve Swaraj or the independence of IndiaRead MoreNgo and Development in India2582 Words   |  11 PagesDevelopment in India submitted to the university of Mangalore By Nelson Pinto With the declining role of the state in social welfare and social services, NGOs are increasingly gaining attention and prominence and are looked upon as alternative agencies in promoting awareness, change and development in society. After Independence we find with launching of planning for development, the voluntary sector have had official status and has been recognized as right agency to plan, implementRead MoreWelfare Reform : Promoting Personal Responsibility And Serving The Needs Of The Poorintroductionduring Bill Clinton3724 Words   |  15 PagesWelfare Reform: Promoting Personal Responsibility and Serving the Needs of the PoorIntroductionDuring Bill Clinton’s campaign for Presidency in 1992, he promised Americans that he would make it his priority to end welfare as we know it (Clinton). This goal was made in response to the increase of public pressure to reform a system that many believed had become wasteful and ineffective. In response to this criticism, Clint on called attention to the importance of work instead of dependency on the governmentRead MoreIndia Achievement in Agriculture2552 Words   |  11 PagesCivilization at Harappa. The people built dams and drainage systems for the crops. By 2000 BC tea, bananas and apples were being cultivated in India. There was coconut trade with East Africa in 200 BC. By 500 AC, egg plants were being cultivated. After independence, considering Indias growing population, the government took steps to increase the food production. Yields per unit area of all crops have grown since 1950. The 1970s saw a huge increase in Indias wheat production. This is known as the GreenRead MoreComment on the Trend and the Size of Poverty in Hong Kong Society. to What Extent Do You Consider the Present Social Security System Would Be Effective to Alleviate Poverty in Hong Kong?3599 Words   |  15 Pagesthe mainstay of the social security system in Hong Kong, occupying 50% of the total social welfare expenditure (Tsoi, 2002). It is developed from the Public Assistance Scheme. The aim of CSSA is â€Å"to bring the income of needy individuals and families up to a prescribed level to meet their basic and special needs. It provides a safety net for those who cannot support themselves financially.† (Social Welfare Department 1998) It is a non-contributory and means-tested scheme. Its target groups areRead MoreComment on the Trend and the Size of Poverty in Hong Kong Society. to What Extent Do You Consider the Present Social Security System Would Be Effective to Alleviate Poverty in Hong Kong?3592 Words   |  15 Pagesthe mainsta y of the social security system in Hong Kong, occupying 50% of the total social welfare expenditure (Tsoi, 2002). It is developed from the Public Assistance Scheme. The aim of CSSA is â€Å"to bring the income of needy individuals and families up to a prescribed level to meet their basic and special needs. It provides a safety net for those who cannot support themselves financially.† (Social Welfare Department 1998) It is a non-contributory and means-tested scheme. Its target groups areRead MoreWomen, Peace, And Security Issues Of The Horn Of Africa2173 Words   |  9 Pagesfeel scared enough to make these [death] threats because they recognise that I have the capability to instigate change’. What does she stand for? Fadumo Dayib has claimed her Western upbringing has established a strong work ethic and respect for the welfare system, advocating Somalians should be treated on a similar basis. Main and minority clans, (such as the Somali Bantus) are not treated equally in society and this must be improved, restoring Somalia on a basic civil level. Her policies would banRead MoreThe Conflicting Tensions Of The Juvenile Justice System3706 Words   |  15 Pageshistory of the juvenile justice system cannot be told without first mentioning the creation of the prison system. At the turn of the 19th century, innovative reforms were being developed to adjust to the rapid changing economic, political, and social structure of the United States. Molding of human behavior was one of the methods of reform. In fact, the first penitentiary, Eastern State Penitentiary, that was developed in Philadelphia in 1829 by the Quakers and other reformers is one example of how

Bee Season by Myla Goldberg Free Essays

The novel entitled â€Å" Bee Season,† which is written by a great American Novelist and Musician named Myla Goldberg tells about the profound story of young girl whose intent is driven by her admirations of conquering the national spelling bee contest and her journey of facing the aftermath of her achievement. Basically, the story of this novel is bound within the limits and narrative of a family, which tackles the broad range and the various faces of domestic problems and difficulties among the family members. As for this novel, the conflict of interest within the family is considered to be one of the main aspects in the story, which dictates the progress of the novel’s narrative. We will write a custom essay sample on Bee Season by Myla Goldberg or any similar topic only for you Order Now More so, the awareness of practicing personal autonomy, individual desire and differences in the family are of the most signifant features of the novel. On the other hand, this novel also enlightens the narrative as to how and why the young ones are affected by the various difficulties and negatives aspects of life. Thus, through the representation of Eliza Naumann, one of the main characters in the novel, the author, Myla Goldberg, provides a clear picture as to how the younger members of the family would lose their innocence and pollute their young percpetions as they slowly began to witness and face the harsh realty of life. Overall, this novel tells about the story of Saul Naumann who â€Å"spends the first portion of his life as Sal Newman, son of Henry and Lisa Newman, decorator of Christmas trees and Easter eggs† (Goldberg 2000, p. 110). Eliza Naumann, a seven-year-old girl the sole member of a gifted family who remains to be classified as a typical individual in a sense that she is less fortunate in terms of academic achievements. She is very much different from that of her brother and her parents. â€Å"Since being designated three years ago as a student from whom great things should not be expected† Eliza Naumann, for a certain time, is considered as a mediocre not just in her family but also in the academe, as per the definition and point of view of her teachers and mentors (Goldberg 2000, p. 101). With this condition, as a student and the youngest in the family, Eliza has lived her life without the favorable guidance and support of her parents and of the other members of the family. Thus, for almost the entire span of her existence, Eliza is not aware and is deprived of knowing the activities of her parents and brothers. Far from the awareness of Eliza, the majority of her family is a practicing a strict religious way of life. Her father, Saul, works as a cantor in the local House of Prayer in their community and her mother, Miriam, works as a local lawyer, while her brother is a prolific and gifted student who reads and recites Hebrew through the intensive guidance of their father. Though it seems acceptable that Eliza Naumann accepts and understands her primary stand as mediocre and less important status in the family, she still has an exceptional gift that would alter the seat she occupies in the family. Fortunately, Eliza has discovered her exceptional gift in spelling as she won in the class and school spelling bee contest, which has served to be the start of something new in her life. This incident and the series of events in the life of Eliza have brought her to a new begginng, as she slowly attracted the attention of her parents. â€Å"When Eliza studies, it is like discovering her own anatomy† and it is no doubt that she has this kind of skill and gift, as she is a product of a well-rounded and gifted family. Since then on, Eliza’s life has never been the same anymore. From a mediocre situation with a less signifcance in the family, Eliza’s success in the spelling bee has gathered the respect and support of her father, Saul, who decided to teach her and encouraged her to study the works of religoius writers. In a sense, it can be said that through the success, which Eliza Naumann has gathered in winning all the preliminary spelling bee that she participated, she has lost her innocence as an ordinary young girl that belongs to a well-established and reputable family. As her success brought about an intensive attention to her family, Eliza’s father has introduced her the religious way of life and belief that he has for most of his life. Thus, these changes have altered the young perception and existence of Eliza, as she has become more oriented and aware of different philosophy and beliefs with the help of her father’s encouragement. More so, through the confidence and recognition that she got from winning the spelling bee in her school and in their district division, Eliza is more capable of doing and learning other things that would further enhance her awareness and knowledge as an individual, which has paved the way for her to lose her innocence. Lastly, witnessing and facing the harsh realirty of life and problems of their family, more especially with her mother ending up in the psychiatric hospital due to insanity, Eliza’s innocence as a young girl has been jeopradized and sacrificed, which in the end, gave her the reason to let go of her innocence and do what she think is right and practices self autonomy. In the end, though Saul â€Å"would like to think he has kept his distance in order to protect his daughter from his unfulfilled hopes† (Goldberg, 2000, p. 161). His desire in shaping his children according to his beliefs and philosophy has still affected the innocent mind and perception of Eliza Naumann, as seen in the latter pasrt of the novel when she conciously mispelled a words in their class spelling bee (Goldberg, 2000). Reference Goldberg, M. (2000). Bee Season. New York: Anchor Books. How to cite Bee Season by Myla Goldberg, Papers

Human body free essay sample

One of the most important parts of the body is the spinal column. It is made up of individual bones called vertebrae. Joints connect all of these individual bones together and ligaments connect to bones to support joints. Not moving an individual correctly can cause stress and injury to the spinal column, this can cause ligaments to sprain. this is why individuals should never be dragged when moving them as the joints in their back may over stretch and cause sprained ligaments. Muscles are very important too. They work by using the fibres they contain contracting and relaxing, this makes the muscles either become shorter or longer. Muscles are connected to bones by tendons. When a muscle shortens it pulls on the tendon which then pulls on the bone, then making the movement. When moving and positioning an individual all movements must happen slowly and smoothly. If this does not happen, sudden movements or pulling in any direction of the individual can cause pulled muscles or torn tendons which can be excruciatingly painful. Bones are important too. Elderly peoples bones may not be as strong as they used to be which is why moving and handling correctly is so important. All bones in the body are covered with tissue. Being elderly peoples bones can become quite weak they become more prone to injury if moving and positioning is not carried out correctly. For example, if too much pressure is applied to the individuals hand or arm when they are moving from one position to another may cause a bone to fracture. Fracture may also occur if equipment is fault or not used correctly. For example if the wrong sling is used when hoisting and the individual falls out, or if a hoist was to fall onto the individual when moving. These could both cause quite serious injury to the individual resulting in a lot of pain. Task 2: Describe the impact of specific conditions on the correct movement and positioning of an individual Each individual could have different needs when moving and positioning and as a carer you need to pick up on these needs and work with the individual when helping moving and positioning. For example an individual with arthritis may be in a lot of pain so when moving and positioning you must use very slow smooth movement trying to make the individual as comfortable as possible. An individual who is visually impaired will need a lot of support and guidance and also a lot of reassurance and you explaining what you are going to be doing, step by step. An individual with dementia who may be confused might not understand what you are saying, so showing the individual what you are going to do, slowly and clearly, will reassure them and make them comfortable with what they need to do. Describe how current legislation and agreed ways of working affect working practices related to moving and positioning individuals There are many legislations that as employees we must follow and training that go with these legislations that we must attend and keep up to date. Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations; this brought in the introduction of risk assessment, risks when moving and positioning individuals must be assessed and if any risks are found, a risk assessment must be put in place immediately having the individual sign the assessment and knowing the risks. Also all staff must be training in moving and positioning individuals. The Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations this introduced the requirement for employers to provide lifting equipment that is safe for staff and individuals to use and well maintained. All staff must be trained in how to use these pieces of equipment. The Manual Handling Operations Regulations, this is for employers and states that they must carry out risk assessment for all moves and try to reduce the risk of injury from happening. Also to avoid dangerous moving and handling, the employees then have the responsibility of making sure they use all equipment as they have been trained to do so, follow all health and safety working practices within their workplace, avoid putting themselves, other staff, individuals or visitors at risk, and making sure they report any hazards or risks to their employer. Agreed ways of working means that employers must have the correct and up to date workplace policies and procedures in place for moving and handling. These must be explained to all staff, training and supervision must also be provided. it is also important that employees read these policies and procedures, if anything is unclear then ask, all training must be attended, that they are supported with understanding each individuals different needs, the moves needed and all equipment being used. Task 4: Describe what health and safety factors need to be taken into account when moving and handling individuals and any equipment used to do this Before moving and handling individuals, the health and safety of the individual, others and myself must come first and at the same time adhering to the workplace policies and procedures that are in place. No moving and handling should be done if you havent had the correct training to do so. To comply with health and safety regulations you must be wearing the correct clothing and footwear to ensure no one gets harmed. For example only closed toe shoes may be worn because when using a hoist you may run over your toes. Making sure all the necessary risk assessments are in place before moving and handling an individual. You must not use any equipment you have not been trained to use, if trained, you must make sure you have adequate space to perform the move. Making sure all the equipment is checked before using it, if a hoist is charged and all equipment is clean and safe to use. Making sure there are no obstacles in the way, like loose rugs, or clothes, and if so moving them out of the way ensuring they will not fall back in your way. Making sure the correct PPE is worn and making sure hands are washed before and after the move has taken place. Also you must check on what that individuals specifics needs are if you don’t already know, for example you may not know that the individual has had a stroke and weight bearing may be difficult for them. you would then be able to use your training and knowledge to come up with a safe and risk free way of moving and positioning. Task 5: What different aids and equipment may be used for moving and handling Different aids and equipment are used depending on the needs of the individual and what movement they can do themselves. Hoists and slings are use when the individual has no or very little movement meaning they can not move from one position to another. There are different sized and shaped slings for individuals of different height and weight. Slide boards are used when an individual is quite independant that just need a little support when moving from their bed to a chair and back for example. Handling belts are used when an individual may be a little unsteady when standing so they may need a little assistance so holding on to the handles of the belt can give them a little reassurance and to stop them from falling over. Grab handles are also put in place for example next to the bath or toilet to make individuals independant when standing, and walking frames with or without wheels can enable individuals to walk independently. Task 6: Describe what sources of information are available about moving and handling individuals There should be many different ways of sourcing information not just outside the workplace but at your workplace as well. You can gain information from the workplace policies and procedures that are in place, an individuals risk assessments and care plans, asking your colleagues and manager for any advice or information. Sometimes you can also seek advice from health care professionals such as physiotherapists or moving and handling specialists by asking specific questions or advice about anything you may need to know. Training courses and information leaflets are very helpful too.