The Role Of Violence During U.s. Labor - 967 Words

Case Study Assignment: The Role of Violence in U.S. Labor Why do we celebrate Labor Day? There is more to our 3-day weekend holiday celebrated by get-togethers, barbequing, and an extra day off work. We celebrate the social and economic achievements of American workers. This happy ending did not have a happy start when immigrants were coming to America. They were cheap labor and unskilled so they became exploited. There was a rapid expansion in factories and manufacturing capabilities during the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. Workers of factories, mines and other hard labor faced harsh working conditions. They also endured long hours, low pay, and health risks. Children and women were even exposed to these harsh conditions, known as sweatshops, and were generally received lower pay than men, with little help from the government to limit injustices. Injuries occurred from machinery, abuse from supervisors/management, verbal abuse, and sickness due to sanitary conditions. Many things such as war, depression, and limited government assistant, attributed to the early events of aggressive hostility between unions and management. â€Å"The United States has had the â€Å"bloodiest and most violent labor history of any industrial nation in the world†Ã¢â‚¬â€so concluded Philip Taft and Philip Ross for their oft-cited study, American Labor Violence: Its Causes, Character, and Outcome (Urbanski, Labor Union Violence in America: A Brief History, para 2). Dating all the back to the lateShow MoreRelatedRhetorical Analysis Of Mexican Immigration, A Form Of Control And Dominance1168 Words   |  5 Pagesa. Symbolic Violence and its connection to â€Å"English† only advocates in schools- When it comes to English as a primary language people argue the â€Å"one language holds a society together and allows communication and trust across communities† (pg. 348). So if there is another language such as Spanish then the English language us no longer the â€Å"powerful† language. By enforcing English language it is a form of control and dominance. b. â€Å"Coded language† and its use in perpetuating a negative attitude towardRead More Sexual Harassment and Workplace Violence Essay1416 Words   |  6 PagesHarassment has plagued the world for centuries. Why should the workplace be any different? Sexual harassment and workplace violence are not only of historical roots, but contemporary issues are still present in the workforce today. Managers are addressing and combating modern sexual harassment and workplace violence, however instances still occur (Robbins, Decenzo Coulter, 2011). â€Å"Sexual harassment is defined as any unwanted action or activity of a sexual nature that explicitly or implicitlyRead MoreRacism: The Root Of All Evil1022 Words   |  5 Pagesimmigration, violence, social tension. Racism as defined by the Merriam-Webster Dictionary as a belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race. Sadly, this definition becomes flesh every day, and has existed since long time ago. Racism has been titled by the authors Hulteen Wallis as â€Å"America’s Original Sin†. It is exhibited in the physical, economic, and spiritual violence done to peopleRead MoreThe Rights Of The Child1186 Words   |  5 Pagesthese rights are topics such as survival and development, drug use, free expression, the child’s best interest, and violence. This essay discusses two books, which examine these rights and the ways they are influenced. Survival and Development is a right given in the Convention of the Rights of the Child. To Ishmael in A Long Way Gone, this played a large role in his struggle during the war. When he and his friends are running from village to village, the boys find themselves hungry and without foodRead MoreHuman Rights Violations to Afghan Women1492 Words   |  6 Pagesvictims of abuse, despite some success by authorities in prosecuting rape cases, forced marriages and domestic violence. Child marriage, selling and buying women to settle disputes, assault and more than a dozen other acts of violence and abuse against women are a common norm in Afghan society. About 87% of women experience physical, psychological or sexual violence. Incidents of violence against women remain largely under-reported because of cultural restraints, social norms and religious beliefsRead MoreHuman Trafficking Is A Problem Within The U.s. Essay1617 Words   |  7 PagesHuman Trafficking Human Trafficking is a problem within the U.S. and Globally. Human trafficking is the trade of humans, most commonly for sexual slavery, forced labor, or commercial sexual exploitation for the trafficker or others. This may involve providing a spouse in the context of forced marriage, or the withdrawal of organs or tissues, including for replacement and ova removal. Human trafficking can occur within a country or trans-nationally. Human trafficking is a crime against the personRead MoreEssay on Reconstruction998 Words   |  4 Pagespeople believed that the states should be treated as territories, and others believed that the southern leaders should be punished instead of the states. Still, others believed that the South still belonged to the Union because secession was illegal. During the Civil War, on December 1863, President Lincoln announced his 10 % Plan for Reconstruction. Many Northerners considered it to be too mild, but the blacks condemned it for ignoring saying nothing about civil rights fir the freedmen and ignoringRead MoreMedia Violence And Its Effect On Society1184 Words   |  5 Pagesexamine the negative effects of media violence. There is a debate on whether negative effects directly derive from media violence. Because media violence has been proven to have a negative effect on society, this essay will argue that there needs to be more censorship on media violence. I will first examine the influence media violence has on mass shootings. Next I will discuss a study relating to dating violence, certain movies and shows encourage dating violence. In conclusion, I will suggest thatRead MoreA Positive Impact On The United States991 Words   |  4 Pagessegregation which led to violence and war. Several foreign policies were introduced throughout this era to meet the needs of oligarchies. The final quarter of the 19th century to westward expansion has left both a positive and negative impact on the United States economy. A positive impact refle cts upon the developments of technology and business, and a negative impact resulting in all the bloodshed and disrespect for human life. Foreign immigration by numbers played a huge role in the latter part ofRead MoreMajor Themes Of Us History During Slavery Essay1607 Words   |  7 Pages Major Themes of US History During Slavery During creation, God made man and gave him the free will to do and act according to as he pleases as long as it is in agreement with His teachings. Fellow human beings could not have control over their fellow men because it was against God’s will. A state whereby one person has absolute power over another and controls his life, liberty, and fortune is known as slavery. The history of slavery dates back to creation times where the Israelites were taken as

Concept of Beauty Free Essays

When you hear or read that word, there is something that emerges from our mind. I find myself very much perplexed when I am asked â€Å"Kinas among panhandling as atone classmates? â€Å". I don’t think there is no one that is â€Å"pià ±ata† among all the human beings but rather Omni beautiful when it comes to beauty . We will write a custom essay sample on Concept of Beauty or any similar topic only for you Order Now Everyone is beautiful. Everything is beautiful. But how do we call someone or something beautiful? What makes us think that they are really beautiful? How do people perceive beauty? How come we have different perception towards beauty? When we internalize this, we go back again to history to answer these confusing yet very interesting questions. Our concept of beauty is influenced by many things. The society is the very first foundation to where we discover, realize, understand, and come to know things. The society plasters in front of our faces these people with bodies that ripples and shines like the gods; faces with prominent nose, perfectly straight teeth, protruding lips; Hair that is straight, soft and shiny and presents it to everyone as the concept of what is beautiful. Eventually, everyone that has seen that idea has perceived it in his/ her mind of what beauty exactly is. Everyone with the looks that is similar to the model eventually commits the sin vanity while the others who don’t eventually look down on their selves. We must be able to obliterate this mindset. We should keep in mind that beauty is not and never will be tangible. We should put to an end the doings of moments that determines which is the most beautiful woman, in short the beauty pageants. Because as what Vie written above, everyone and everything is beautiful. Every day, we see beauty in many forms and shapes. There is beauty in art. We see beauty in the display of human creativity and passion. There is beauty in nature. Imagine seeing the sunset in a slow-MO; A bee swaying with the wind; The trees that grow long Greene stems and roots through the years. There is palpable beauty that e see in human beings. No, not only those who are in the magazines and televisions are beautiful. For me, those who appreciate the beauty of others and not only herself is beautiful. Those who dream, who delights in helping other people, who never oppress others, and never gives up are beautiful because beauty are the qualities in a person or object that give pleasure to the senses or spirits ND being good in the inside is enough reason for a living being to be called beautiful. How to cite Concept of Beauty, Papers

CASE STUDY The SNOW Mountain Hotel Essay Example For Students

CASE STUDY: The SNOW Mountain Hotel Essay CASE STUDY: The SNOW Mountain Hotel BY b3b3to SNOW Mountain Resort: The Pride of SNOW Village SNOW Village is located in the Coast Mountains of British Columbia, 75 miles from Vancouver. While forty years ago SNOW Village was virtually unknown, it is now a worldwide attraction drawing in more than 4 million visitors annually. SNOW Village owes this success to the major development of its ski resort, the SNOW Mountain Resort which was transformed from a low capacity ski destination with minimal amenities into a top-end ski complex with an unrivalled reputation for luxury mountain vacations. Today, SNOW Mountain Resort is seen as the pride of SNOW Village and is home to approximately 8600 permanent residents, 1 1 5 accommodation businesses (including hotels, condos and bed breakfasts), 93 restaurants, lounges and bars, and 207 retail shops. For the past seven years, the SNOW Mountain Resort has been voted the best ski resort by Mountain Sports Living magazine. Whilst its skiing facilities and scenery typically receive top scores, it has also been recognised for the high level of service and value that guests receive. The SNOW Mountain Resort is host to a steady number f visitors over both the winter and summer months. However, levels of demand tend to fluctuate in a dramatic way between the peak and off-peak seasons. The latest figures show that the average number of visitors during such seasons can be anything between 5000 and 1 5000 a day. Coping with these fluctuations effectively is seen as an ongoing challenge for the many businesses operating within the resort. Thus, a key concern for these businesses is to manage fluctuations in demand whilst maintaining a high level of customer service. SNOW Mountain Hotel: Topping the Best Ski Resort Hotels List in North America Nestled at the base of SNOW Mountain, the SNOW Mountain Hotel is part of the SNOW Hotel Group which has over 25 landmark hotels across cities in Canada and the US, as well as a number of larger Resort properties in ski and beach resorts in the US, Bermuda, Barbados and Acapulco. The SNOW Mountain Hotel has 558 guest rooms, 28,000 square feet of meeting space, a health club and spa, and a golf course. Its staffing levels tend to vary in line with the fluctuating number of visitors throughout the year with approximately 250 employees when business is slow and 40 employees during the winter months. Up to now, the SNOW Mountain Hotel has been able to demonstrate great flexibility in confguring its resources to address varying levels of demand and in creating superior value for its customers by swiftly responding to their diverse needs and wants. Last year, the SNOW Mountain Hotel reputation as a destination of choice for ski enthusiasts. SNOW Mountain Hotels HR Strategy: A Passion for Excellence The SNOW Mountain Hotels human resource practices are framed by the overarching HR strategy of its parent organisation, which is driven by a passion for xcellence. This HR strategy is underpinned by a number of guiding principles and values including spontaneous celebration, a commitment to the creation of a culture and environment in which the human spirit will soar, and an intent on promoting the best experience for past, present and potential employees. During a recent conference of its human resource managers, the Group reaffirmed the tremendous value they place on their people and repeatedly stressed that by focusing on employee morale, commitment and retention and teamwork, customer and investor alue would be maximised. This particular orientation led to the identification of a set of key strategic thrusts, including becoming an employer of choice and focusing on management succession. The HR department in SNOW Mountain Hotel In accordance with the key strategic thrusts mentioned above, the HR department in SNOW Mountain Hotel has developed what they refer to as the vision, which is to be recognised as an employer of choice in SNOW Village within the next 2 years. Linked to this goal is a recruitment strategy that emphasises attitude (enshrined in the logan We hire for attitude and train for skill) and an attractive benefits programme. Changes on the Horizon As is the case for each unit within the SNOW Group, the SNOW Mountain Hotel had until recently a dedicated on-site HR team typically consisting of an HR manager and an HR coordinator to deal with paperwork and other HR administrators. In addition, a centralised team in the USA handled payroll and a limited amount of administration relating to recruitment, compensation and benefits. The parent organisation is now deciding whether to centralise its HR activities in a shared service centre. It is hoped that doing so will improve the overall quality of HR admin across the organisation while freeing up more time for in-house staff to focus on strategic work as part of a move towards the implementation of a new business partner model. Differing Views on the Way Forward Line managers would be expected to become more involved in day to day HR matters and take on many of the responsibilities previously carried out by the on-site HR managers. The HR department has expressed concerns about how this will be responsibility for HR work has been rather negative, as can be seen in the following emark: I am wasting so much of my time dealing with staff issues and problems. I am not an HR manager and IVe got bigger priorities than looking at application forms and preparing for interviews. Im already responsible for form-filling for absence and holidays and for other activities like dealing with staff discipline and appraisals. More than 40% of my time is taken up with HR-related work and I have no time to run my own department! This negativity has been reinforced by the general manager of the SNOW Hotel Group, a known traditionalist who has been promoted through the ranks. Scarlet letter and ministers b EssayCoursework Assignment You have been hired as consultant to the HR team in SNOW Mountain Hotel. You are required to write a report to advise the HR team on the way forward by addressing the key HR issues and challenges arising from the new strategic orientation of its parent organisation. Drawing upon and referencing relevant theories and models of HRM, your report should include the following: 1 . An explanation of the business partner model and the advantages and disadvantages of using this model (600 words). 2. A critical appraisal of the use of shared service centres and the removal of on-site HR professionals (600 words). 3. A critical examination of the practicality of devolving HR responsibilities to line managers (600 words). Use the following format when writing your report: Introduction (100 words) Clear statement of purpose Context of report (both theoretical and organisational) Clear statement of proceedings (to provide a brief overview of the following sections) Body (1800 words) Business Partner Model (600 words) Explanation of business partner model Internal and external drivers of the business partner model Value to the business (strategic orientation; integration of hard and soft approaches to HRM; impact on bottom-line performance and productivity) Potential disadvantages of implementing the model The use of centralised shared service centres (600 words) Explanation of shared service centres Internal and external drivers for developing shared service centres Benefits and rawbacks Devolution of HR Responsibilities to the Line Managers (600 words) Meaning and aim of devolution to the line Benefits and drawbacks Practical issues to be addressed to ensure HR and line managers are fully engaged Conclusion (100 words) Summary of key issues raised Final comments reinforcing importance of report and pointing to the way forward List of References (adhering to the Harvard Referencing Style) Appendices (if appropriate) Word Count and Submission Date As per breakdown above, your report should be around 2000 words (10% below or above the limit is acceptable). It accounts for 50% of your final mark. It is due to be submit to the coursework box outside Room 1/53 at Craiglockhart. NB In writing your report, you must demonstrate that you have referred to relevant academic sources and that you are able to apply the theory covered in lectures and tutorials to the case study. You must adhere to the Harvard Referencing Style. You should also refer to the marking criteria to make sure that your report meets the requirements for a pass at this level of study. Introduction to Human Resource Management Case study Assessment Criteria Criteria Weighting Merit: 5% and above Good Pass 55 Acceptable Pass 40 † 54% Poor: Less than 40% Overall presentation style Neat legible presentation. Correct spelling. Accurate grammar and punctuation. Meaning clear and fluid with an articulate academic writing style. Neat legible presentation. Occasional spelling errors. Mainly accurate grammar and punctuation. Coherent meaning and fluent writing style. Neat presentation. Frequent spelling errors. Fairly accurate grammar and punctuation. Meaning mostly clear and adequate writing style. Untidy presentation and difficult to read. Significant spelling and grammatical errors. Meaning unclear in places. Language lacks fluency. Quality of Introduction Clearly states the purpose of the report. Effectively sets the scene in both a theoretical and organisational context. Explains in specific terms how the report will be structured. ood indication of the structure and contents of the report. Although unclear, the purpose of the report can be inferred. Context of the report not altogether clear. Some indication of the contents of the report. Leaves the reader in doubt as to the purpose of the report. Context of the report unclear. No indicat ion of the contents of the report. Evidence of research and wider reading Demonstrates sound knowledge of an extensive range of appropriate and current literature. Demonstrates good knowledge of a reasonable range of appropriate and current Demonstrates a reasonable knowledge of a limited range of appropriate literature. Little and superficial knowledge of appropriate literature. Critical analysis and coherence of argument Critical approach to the literature. Thorough analysis of key issues raised. Arguments highly developed to consider the practical implications of the theories discussed. Attempts to take a critical approach to the literature. Some analysis of the key issues raised. Argument reasonably well developed to indicate generally good understanding of the practical implications of the theories discussed. Approach to literature mainly descriptive. Limited analysis of the key issues raised. Arguments underdeveloped but demonstrates some understanding of the practical implications of theories discussed. Approach to literature relies on description. Inadequate level of analysis of the key issues raised. Arguments are incoherent and fail to consider the practical implications of the theories discussed. Quality of conclusion Identifies significant points from preceding discussion. Draws together main threads of argument. Makes a concluding statement based on these arguments. No new information introduced. Summarises main points effectively. No new information introduced. Adequate summary of main points. No new information introduced. Fails Referencing Literature is accurately integrated into the text. All sources used are correctly acknowledged. Harvard citation method used. Literature is mostly integrated into the text. Most sources are correctly acknowledged. Harvard citation method used. Some iterature is integrated into the text. Most sources are acknowledged, although some errors. Harvard citation method used but inconsistencies. Literature is not integrated into the text of not used. Sources unacknowledged. Harvard method not used/used poorly. Introduction to Human Resource Management HRM08101 CASE STUDY FEEDBACK SHEET Matriculation Number: Marker: Programme: Mark: Merit: 65% and above Good pass: 55 Acceptable: 40 55% Poor: Less than 40% Merit Acceptable Poor Quality of introduction Evidence of research and wider reading Quality of conclusion Comments:

Why Did America Change Its Mind About Prohibition Essay Example For Students

Why Did America Change Its Mind About Prohibition Essay ProhibitionThroughout history, the need and presence of governing forces have always existed. Governments, by the use of legislation, make choices in the best interest of the people. The Nineteenth Century was popular for the great amounts of alcohol that the average person consumed. Such popularity spawned and entire social movement against alcohol. This movement was called the Noble Experiment. Although it failed to directly ban alcohol, the movement contributed by electing many reformers who would change the face of America in the early Twentieth Century. In 1920, the Eighteenth Amendment of the Constitution prohibited the use and sale of alcohol in the United States. Although it was created with good intentions, the law provided an opportunity for organized crime families to come into power. The temperance and reform movements of the late Nineteenth Century and early Twentieth Century were partitioned into many small groups. The two most influential groups; however, were the Anti -Saloon League and the Womens Christian Temperance Union. Women at this time were unhappy because men were drinking extremely too much, and women could legally do nothing about it. Since women at this time could not file for divorce, they had no other choice but to try get rid of alcohol altogether (Blocker 10-13). This was not only the first major womens movement in history (Cayton 2139), but also one of the largest nonviolent movements of the modern world (Behr 35-36). Other than World War I, prohibition was the biggest issue in the country. As prohibition approached, people stored their liquor in large quantities in warehouses or banks. Judge John Knox of New York put an end to this by decreeing that any alcohol stored outside of ones home was unlawful and therefore subject to seizure (Blocker 21-24). Few things could have caused such a panic as this did. People rushed to return their liquor home by any means possible. The official date of prohibition was growing near and times w ere tense. Bootleggers found refuge in the Bahamas where they were able to distill large amounts of alcohol and sell it for good prices. Many distillers acquired large stocks immediately before prohibition by doing this (Behr 79-81). We will write a custom essay on Why Did America Change Its Mind About Prohibition specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now January 16, 1920, the night before prohibition became active, did not fulfill the expectation that it would be an outrageous and wild night. It turned out to be rather dull. There were no crowds on the streets of Manhattan; there were no drunken parades down the streets of Broadway. In spite of a few lavish farewell parties, one would think it was just another night of the year. Thomas Carnegie described the event in the New York Times; the spontaneous orgies of drink that were predicted failed in large part to occur on schedule. Instead of passing from us in violent paroxysms, the rum demon lay down to a painless, peaceful, though lamented by some, death.On January 17, 1920, as written in the Eighteenth Amendment, prohibition became apart of the Constitution and America went dry. The Eighteenth Amendment, though written by Wayne Wheeler, was given the nickname of the Volstead Act because Andrew Volstead introduced it to Congress (Coffey 45). The Senate passed the Act on August 1, 19 17; the House of Representatives passed it on December 18 of the same year (Lucas 55-56). Once passed in both houses of Congress, President Wilson vetoed the Amendment. Congress overturned the presidents veto on the same day, but one more obstacle remained. The Supreme Court voted on prohibition soon after. By one vote it was regarded as constitutional (Behr 77-79). Next, it needed to be ratified by thirty-six states. Mississippi leads the states by being the first to ratify in 1918, and Nebraska followed the next year as the thirty-sixth state to ratify (Lucas 55-56). The details of prohibition were explained in the Eighteenth Amendment. Most importantly, the act determined that no one could make, sell, trade, transport, import, export, deliver, or own liquor unless authorized to do so. It also replaced any previous state legislation against alcohol (Behr 77-79). Furthermore, it defined alcohol as anything with an alcohol content of 0.5 or more (Cayton 2139). The act authorized a f ew situations in which someone could have alcohol. One was allowed to have alcohol for medicinal purposes, even though it was frowned upon by most of the medical field at that time. Alcohol was also legal as sacramental wine, industrial alcohol, flavoring extracts, syrups, vinegar, and near beer. The government would allow some breweries to stay in business producing this near beer, which was less that 0.5 percent alcohol. These brewers faced fines and jail time if they abused these privileges. Generally, the Eighteenth Amendment did not work well because it underestimated peoples will to break the law, their ability to produce and sell liquor illegally, and because it was enforced poorly. The Twenty-first Amendment repealed prohibition after only twelve years (Behr 78-80). Prohibition, for many, was a gateway to power. The opportunities to become rich and powerful were abundant (Behr 88). This temptation drove such criminals as Al Capone to power. With the rise of this new, undergr ound class, corruption grew. Politics became an occupation whereas gangsters with the highest bid employed politicians. It seemed that everyone was breaking the law; the consumption and selling of liquor had actually risen since prohibition started. One could buy alcohol simply by walking down a certain street, or buy going to an illegal saloon known as a speakeasy. Alcohol was also easier to acquire now than it was before prohibition. During the 1920s, the act of drinking somewhat changed. People began to drink only hard liquor because it was readily available, it required less to get drunk, and because it was the easiest for distillers to make (Cayton 2140). Since virtually all alcohol was now illegal, distillers no longer needed to abide by alcohol safety standards. This meant that hard liquor was now, more than ever, dangerous. The deaths due to cirrhosis of the liver increased sharply in the 1920s and were perhaps the biggest indications that the consumption of alcohol had rise n (Jones internet). Crime prevailed over prohibition primarily because the law was too difficult to enforce (Coffey 65). In addition to dealing with the new age criminals that it created, Prohibition Agents attempted to regulate any liquor which was brought into the country (Jones internet). Underground crime bosses became greedier and more ruthless (Behr 176-177). Because they had judges, police, and politicians in their pockets, these crime bosses did not need to hide what they were doing (Jones internet). Hijackings of liquor between gangs were common and usually lead to street wars. Police, for the most part, paid little attention to these wars unless public property was destroyed or civilians were injured. Nearly eight hundred gangsters were killed in a single decade (Behr 176-177). The most infamous crime boss of the 1920s, and perhaps of all time, was Alphonse Capone. Capone was born in Italian New York; he grew up around thug types and became apart of a gang at a young age. Following the mysterious retirement of boss Johnny Torrio, Capone became the man in charge of the Torrio gang. His business became crime and death. Although a keen player of public relations, the true Al Capone symbolized everything evil that prohibition could be (Lucas 68). Capone dominated the illegal enterprises of bootlegging and prostitution. His gang, at one time, totaled over two thousand thugs (Jones internet). He was care free when it came to dealing with the police; he neither made serious efforts to conceal his actions, nor was he even aware that a special group of Prohibition Agents had been assigned to gather enough evidence to put him behind bars. In 1931 the efforts of Eliot Ness and the rest of his task force, the untouchables, paid off. Al Capone was convicted on numerous counts of tax evasion and was sent to prison for eight years. In 1939 he was released from prison, but his health had been broken. He died less that eight years later (Lucas 70). .ud7d80afd6f736d65cbef4b0812fbecb9 , .ud7d80afd6f736d65cbef4b0812fbecb9 .postImageUrl , .ud7d80afd6f736d65cbef4b0812fbecb9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud7d80afd6f736d65cbef4b0812fbecb9 , .ud7d80afd6f736d65cbef4b0812fbecb9:hover , .ud7d80afd6f736d65cbef4b0812fbecb9:visited , .ud7d80afd6f736d65cbef4b0812fbecb9:active { border:0!important; } .ud7d80afd6f736d65cbef4b0812fbecb9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud7d80afd6f736d65cbef4b0812fbecb9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud7d80afd6f736d65cbef4b0812fbecb9:active , .ud7d80afd6f736d65cbef4b0812fbecb9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud7d80afd6f736d65cbef4b0812fbecb9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud7d80afd6f736d65cbef4b0812fbecb9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud7d80afd6f736d65cbef4b0812fbecb9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud7d80afd6f736d65cbef4b0812fbecb9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud7d80afd6f736d65cbef4b0812fbecb9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud7d80afd6f736d65cbef4b0812fbecb9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud7d80afd6f736d65cbef4b0812fbecb9 .ud7d80afd6f736d65cbef4b0812fbecb9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud7d80afd6f736d65cbef4b0812fbecb9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: HRIS EssayProhibition was also a burden on the economy. The government was forced to spend millions of dollars convicting and incarcerating prohibition violators (Jones internet). Since alcohol became an illegal market, the government no longer received taxes on liquor that was purchased. The bootlegging industry became on of the richest in the country, worth billions of dollars per year. The economy is the most important part of a Free Enterprise system, and the damage done to the United States economy, due to prohibition, in the 1920s was one of the major reasons for the Twenty-first Amendment. The Twenty-first Amendment repealed prohibition in 1932, only twelve years since its unpopular installation in 1920 (Cayton 2140). In this case, the peoples will to have alcohol was greater that the governments ability to enforce a law against it. Ideally, a society should be governed without being controlled. Works CitedBehr, Edward. Thirteen Years that Changed America. Boston: Arcade Publishers, 1996. Blocker, Jack S. American Temperance Movements: Cycles of Reform. Boston:Twayne Publishers, 1989. Cayton, Mary Kupiec, et. al. The Second Campaign Against Liquor and the Noble Experiment. Encyclopedia of American Social History. New York: Smith Publishers, 1985. Coffey, Thomas M. The Long Thirst: Prohibition in America. New York: Norton, 1975. Johnson, George E. Al Capone. Courtroom Television Network LLC. Sept. 19, 2002. . Jones, Chris. Economic and Social Effects of Prohibition. Nov. 26, 2001. Got Essays? Sept. 19, 2002. . Lucas, Eileen. The Eighteenth and Twenty-first Amendments: Alcohol, Prohibition, and Repeal. Springfield, NJ: Enslow Publishers, 1998.

The Yakima Indian Tribes essays

The Yakima Indian Tribes essays The Yakima Indians lived on the banks of the Columbia, the Wenatchee and the northern branches of the Yakima Rivers, which are located in the east of Washington. The people of Yakima called themselves the Watailmim or people of the people-of-the-narrows, and they also called themselves Pakintleman or the people if the gap which was because of the situation of their village near the Union Gap on the Yakima River. The Yakima Indians mostly fed on Salmon, roots, berries and they crossed the Eastern Rocky Mountains occasionally to hunt the buffalo. The men were usually the ones who hunted and did most of the laborious work. Their shelters consisted of tipis made of animal skin and the shelters had mats for flooring. Since the area in between the mountain ranges recieves little rainfall, there was not a lot of food there for large grazing animals. There in the small spaces that had food, they found elk, bear, and deer. Antelopes and jackrabbits were found in the arid areas between the mountain ranges. They also gathered bulbs of the camas plant and other edible tubers and roots. Salmon and camas were dried in the summer and stored for use in the winter. Winter shelter for the tribes in the plateau area were sunken round houses, which were constructed by digging a large round hole in the ground, placing poles in a circle to support the walls, and covering the cone-shaped roof with dirt. The dwelling was entered through the smoke hole in the roof. In the summer, shelters were brush or mat-covered dwellings that could be taken apart easily and moved. Clothing for the people of the tribe consisted of robes for men and dresses for women. This clothing was usually made from the skins of deer, mountain goats, bighorn sheep and sometimes of woven bark fibers. They also wore leggings, moccasins, shirts, and dresses also made of animal skins. The white people did not start invading their ...

Top 4 Skills That Will Make You Eternally Employable

Top 4 Skills That Will Make You Eternally Employable There seem to be four things that set people apart from their peers throughout the course of their careers. Most job success comes from constant development of yourself as an employee and also as a leader. To help yourself along this path, it’s always a good idea first to assess your strengths and career personality. Once you have a good sense of your strengths, you’ll be able to take on greater responsibility, identify and correct your weaknesses, and take the risks that will help you grow in your life and your career. You’ll be able to work to develop the key traits of courage, authenticity, and humility. You’ll learn to be confident, not arrogant. And you’ll find yourself getting rewarded and recognized for the good work you’re doing.There are four core skills that will make you eternally employable:Executing, or  making things happen. Sure, everyone can have great ideas, but do you have the drive and energy to get it done?Influencing, o r reaching a broader audience for yourself and as a team. Do you have the personal skills to reach out and hype people up in order to make a change or complete a project in the best way possible?Relationship Building, or networking and holding your team together. Companies are looking for people who they don’t have to worry about. Are you good in a group? Do you have the ability to assess who is good at what tasks, and then motivate them to get the job done?Strategic Thinking, or looking to the future and always thinking about possibilities. All companies want to grow. If you want to get hired, it’s up to you to prove you have the ideas and creativity to take the current level and kick it up a notch (or two).These four strength categories cover a wide range of smaller strengths, but can be extremely useful in developing your self in your career. Remember, people can and do succeed with two out of four. But great leaders are strong on all four fronts. Try working to bui ld each category up as often as you can and see what a difference it can make in your life and on the job.

Mobile marketing research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Mobile marketing - Research Paper Example Wireless communication has revolutionized human interactions and actions in ways that could not have been anticipated by Graham Bell, the founder of the telephone. The revolution has given new meaning to the term mass communication and the possibilities offered by the communication systemsPerhaps the most widely used conduit for communication these days is the mobile phone. It is needless to say that the advancement in communication technology has been crucial in the parallel progress and expansion of the global knowledge base and the pace of acquisition of further knowledge (Burns & Bush, 2000). And academic research being one of the main routes to progress in the understanding of human beings has been affected positively by the growth of the communication systems. For instance handling the data accumulated in any research process has become much easier thanks to the facility of software databases for storage of research data (Janssens, 2008). Data in this form is available for tran sport virtually without limitations of time for sending or the location of the sender and receiver. However the incorporation of technology into research methodologies is yet to take a form and most of the research procedures involve techniques that are indifferent to the use of technology. For example a lot of primary research is still conducted with data collectors going to the subjects of the research to collect the data and the communication facilities play a trivial role in facilitating the process (Malhotra & Birks, 2007). Hence research over mobile phones and similar communication devices is also not viable in most fields of research and because of many research limitations and requirements. The Benefits of Mobile Access in Research However the leading business organizations of the world are working on devising methods of capitalizing on the potential of market research insight provided by the prospective use of mobile networks for outreach to the subjects of the market resea rch. The main advantages that the ubiquity, spread and incidence of mobile phone usage provide are the speed with which market research can be conducted, the delimitation of the timing restriction for conductance of research, the ability of capturing the opinions and other data of research at any particular time (for instance, reactions of a group of people can be captured using mobile technology immediately after an event), the ease of carrying out the research, the lack of restrictions of the location of the human subjects of the research or that of the researcher, and the possibility of both lateral and vertical research incorporating all the aforementioned advantages, i-e the ease of investigating the state of one factor over many different time instances and that of recording the state of a factor at any instance over many different locations. It has already been proven that the dimension of research corporations far longed for; the study of ‘pulse impact’ or the i mmediate short-lived effects of corporate tactics and decisions can be studied using the mobile research facility (Taylor, 2000). Hence a company might be able to study the causes and patterns of disinterest or interest among consumers for a newly launched product emanating from the first impression of the product. The possibility of research over the internet, which is one of the major forms of mobile market research and probably the main form of market research of the future, also addresses the vital facet of researching of creating interest for the participant in the research. With all the attractions that are available for use on the digital platform, the researcher can approach more people for the research using fewer resources than are required for conventional researching. In one informal study cited by N. Bradley (2010) in his

News Paper Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 10

News Paper Summary - Essay Example The biggest producers of coffee are focusing on their best customers, a move that is driving up prices. Coffee consumption is rising in Brazil, Colombia and Vietnam, the countries that produce 60% of the worlds beans. Brazil’s consumption of coffee is expected to reach 1.03 million tons this year. Rising incomes have enabled consumers in producing nations to not only consume more coffee, but also demand higher quality. Consumers are also switching from cheaper substitutes such as tea. Brazils coffee production has increased by 61% over the last decade, but its exports have only risen by 34%, with the rest consumed locally. U.S. importers are paying higher prices because they compete with Brazilian buyers. In the ongoing official unraveling of Espà ­rito Santo Saga, multiple threads have led to Eurofin, a small Swiss company. Eurofin Holdings SA was the only auditor of Espà ­rito Santo’s books, which were  discovered to be riddled with irregularities. The firm is also indirectly connected to Banco Espà ­rito Santo through its chief financial officer, Joà £o Moreira Rato. Mr. Ratos partner, Joà £o Poppe, is the nephew of Ricardo Espà ­rito Santo Salgado. Eurofin also helped Banco Espà ­rito in creating debt products that were sold to retail investors recently. Portuguese authorities suspect that the profits were used to finance other troubled Espà ­rito Santo entities. The authorities are seeking to establish Eurofins multifaceted relationship with Espà ­rito Santo. Goldman Sachs Group  is reconsidering its business with hedge funds; it is discarding less-profitable customers and increasing fees on others in an attempt to adapt to new banking rules. The regulations have forced the bank to allocate more capital, reducing profits from its business. The changes highlight the way Wall Street is trying to conform to the changing landscape. The bank also is pulling its cash from its internal hedge fund. Banks

Ljb Company Essay Example for Free

Ljb Company Essay Introduction LJB Company has asked the accounting firm to evaluate their system of internal controls because of the plan to go public in the near future. The president wants to be aware of any new regulations required of his company if they go public. The current system of internal controls was explained to the accounting firm. Under SOX Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, all public traded U.S. corporations are required to maintain a sufficient system of internal controls. In order for this to be implemented all Corporate Executives and board of directors have to ensure that the controls are reliable and effective. With LJB Company incorporating the information from SOX act this will allow them reduce corporate fraud by making sure that all of the procedures for financial reporting is following in accordance to all guidelines. Internal Control Requirements In order for LJB Company to become a public trade, under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 requires a registered U.S. publicly traded company to have an independent audit committee as a part of its Board of Directors. My accounting firm recommends that since LJB is a small sized company in terms of its employees should reevaluate their costs versus the benefits of being a public traded company. If LJB decides to go public in the near future there will be some new internal control requirements. One of the factors of the internal control system is to ensure that the management is in control of its environment. Top management needs to make it clear and concise on what can and won’t be tolerated especially when it comes to the organizations values, mission statement and unethical behavior. The second factor of the internal control system is the company leading its control activities. The control activities are considered as the post that holds the company’s effort to address all risks that they may possibly face going public. One thing that the company may face is fraud and in order to reduce fraud, management has to create and build policies to address those specific risks. Strengths and Recommendations Since LJB Company is relatively small, they have an advantage over their competitors who are large companies. Being a small company due to its size of employees, one of the things they are doing right is being able to set expectations and implement those within the organization. As a smaller company, the accountant’s decision to switch to pre-numbered invoices and the purchase of an indelible ink machine was a good idea and investment. The pre-numbered invoices will prevent transactions from being recorded multiple times. With the internal control system this will require that the employees forward their source documents for the accounting entries. The indelible ink machine will help organize all of the accounting duties. We recommended that LJB Company purchase an indelible ink machine to print all employees and cut checks. With the indelible ink machine this will make it difficult for unauthorized users to endorse checks and be approved. This will cut down on fraud and theft within the company. Violations LJB Company is very susceptible to fraud due the weaknesses and threats presented in the day to day operations. The type of threats include: no human resource control, lack of cash control, and no duties defined for each individual. LJB Company is lacking in the separation of duties because the Treasurer and Controller functions is being done by the same person. Although these two duties are being performed by one person and stream lining the process this causes LJB to be susceptible to fraud and out of compliance with the SOX act requirements. Each of these duties should be performed two different individuals. LJB Company has lack of cash controls. The lack of cash control has to be watched because within LJB each employee has access to petty cash and that shouldn’t be the case. Access to petty cash should be restricted to authorized personnel only. Any time there is a disbursement from the petty cash there should be an original receipt and signature that received the reimbursement. LJB Company human resource controls are very limited. Within this company both the Accountant and President have to review and approve all of the new hires which is the process. If LJB had a proper human resource control there would be a function set in place for new hires by hiring someone with HR experience that has risk training. Having a more defined HR control resource this would allow the company to clearly define the different roles and responsibilities for each employee. Also with the HR resource all employees would go through background check, each employee be given their own username and password and be tracked with the activity report. Conclusion We believe that this assessment of the current controls of LJB Company and the recommendations provided will meet your expectations and allow your company to be a fully traded public company. To reinstate this problem; in order for LJB Company to become a public trade, under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 requires a registered U.S. publicly traded company to have an independent audit committee as a part of its Board of Directors. My accounting firm recommends that since LJB is a small sized company in terms of its employees should reevaluate their costs versus the benefits of being a public traded company. Works Cited Kimmel, Paul D.. Financial Accounting: Tools for Business Decision Making, 7th Edition. John Wiley Sons, 02/2013. .

Explore the Stylistic Conventions of Both - Notes from a Small Island - :: English Literature

Explore the Stylistic Conventions of Both - Notes from a Small Island - and - In Patagonia - and account for their different audiences. Bill Bryson and Bruce Chatwin both participate in the ability to Travel write. Travel writing is were one would travel and then list in chronological order what they have experienced. Bill Bryson is able to do this in an entirely different fashion, to Bruce Chatwin. Bill Bryson was born in Des Moines, Iowa, in 1951. Bryson settled in England in 1977, and lived for numerous years with his British wife and children in Yorkshire. Bryson then went back to America, but has now returned to England. As well as writing ‘Notes from a small Island’ Bryson has also written ‘down Under’ ‘Notes from a big Country’ ‘A walk in the Woods’ ‘Made in America’ ‘Neither here nor there’ and ‘The lost Continent’.[1] Bruce Chatwin was born in Sheffield in 1940. After attending Marborough School he began work as a Porter at Sotheby’s, which is an auctioneer. Chatwin became one of the youngest directors at Sotheby’s and then Chatwin abandoned his job to explore the world, as his dedication was travel writing. During 1972 and 1975 Chatwin worked for the Sunday Times and quickly announced his departure for in a telegram; ‘Gone to Patagonia for six months’. This journey motivated to write the first of his books which was simply named, In Patagonia. In Patagonia won The Hawthornden Prize and the E.M. Forster award and launched his writing profession. Two of Chatwins films have been made into feature films, The Viceroy Oiudah (retitled Cobra Verde) directed by Werner Herzog and the British film. Bruce Chatwin has also written ‘On the Black Hill’, ‘The Song Lines’ ‘The Viceroy of Ouidah’.[2] Before Bryson’s begins his story, he writes a prologue of his first encounter with Britain and how inviting it was for him. Bryson elaborates on why he returned to England in 1995. Bill Bryson gives an interpretation of his first time in England which was more exclusively Dover in 1973. In the front of Bill Bryson’s book is an image of Britain surrounded by small sketches. Once I had read I became conscious that this map mirrored the style of writing used in the book, light-hearted. Chatwin developed an interest for Patagonia at a young age. Chatwin tells us about his earliest memories of his grandmother, and being at her house; ‘In my grandmother’s dining room was a glass-fronted cabinet†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢[3] Chatwin is talking about his personal experience directly, although he doesn’t begin with his journey in Patagonia. Chatwin is unfolding this tale to his audience in great detail; this story helps the reader

Are Leaders Born or Made Essay

People have debated whether leaders are born or made for centuries. However, I am absolutely convinced that good leaders are made than born. If you have the desire and willpower, you can become an effective leader. â€Å"Good leaders can develop through a never ending process of self-study, education, training and experience† (Jago, 1982). To inspire workers into higher levels of teamwork, there are certain things a leader must be, know, and, do. These do not come naturally, but are acquired through continual work and study. Good leaders are continually working and studying to improve their leadership skills; they are NOT resting on their laurels. Definition of Leadership Before we get started, let’s define and understand about leadership. Leadership is a process by which a person influences others to accomplish an objective and directs the organization in a way that makes it more cohesive and coherent. Leaders carry out this process by applying their leadership attributes, such as beliefs, values, ethics, character, knowledge, and skills. In the field of organizational learning, leadership entered the discussion as a proxy for the organization. Initial concepts of leadership in organizational learning were based on the notion of the dominant coalition. Organizational learning theorists had suggested that the senior management team, or dominant coalition, was in fact the organization level of organizational learning. Moreover, leadership has been described as the â€Å"process of social influence in which one person enlist the aid and support of others in the accomplishment of a common task. According to Ken â€Å"SKC† Ogbonnia, â€Å"effective leadership is the ability to successfully integrate and maximize available resources within the internal and external environment for the attainment of organizational or society goal. Charismatic Leaders are made but not born. However, there are many well-educated and motivated people who lack of the knowledge to lead others. So they don’t assume leadership positions, or if they do, they don’t do very well in them. Thus, to become a made leader, we need to know about the characteristic of a leader for us to learn and explore from there. Having charisma is an important quality to any successful leader, that’s all highly successful people must develop to maximize their success in leadership roles, as well as use it to gain a great advantage over their competition. Charisma can be explained as an indefinable personal magnetism that helps draw people to you, and makes them want to cooperate and work with you to accomplish your dreams. To increase your own level of charisma, you must first be confidence in your own vision. If you have a clear vision of what you want to accomplish, then you need to focus on setting goal for yourself, and make plan to achieve them without delay. The clearer you are about your purpose, and how you are planning to achieve it, will naturally to attract others to help and support you in any way they can. However, some say charismatic is born but not made. Yes, it’s. But without the born charisma, you can also increase the level of you charisma by talking and interaction with other, certain interactions and rewards increase starting relationships, such as a Celebrity using a Charming Introduction will instantly have a new friend. Charisma skill-building requires friends and relationships to progress. Personality and Physical Build Besides, the personality is also an important element to become a made leader, great leaders must have the ability to project themselves, to communicate with subordinates in order to accomplish a task by teamwork. The dictionary definition of personality is the collection of emotional and behavioural traits that characterize a person. That is, your personality is how you present yourself to the world. It is how others see you. Is that important for leadership effectiveness? I think so. Your public persona is the catalyst for enrolling followers. For example, you might be typically dominant, or perhaps you’re always a friendly person, or even someone who takes very few risks. These examples are personality traits. You may also simply improve your personality by your appearance such as dress up and make up well as the appearance oneself always the first impression they given to other. Aside of personality, physical build is also a trait of characteristic for being a leader, this can be made and improved by one self. For example, the children now are mostly taller and stronger than their parents because of the better knowledegement care. Talent, skills and knowledge Beyond the personal traits of a leader, leadership talent, skills and knowledge someone must master if they want to be a leader. Leadership talent is those innate traits that a person is born with but which they need to work on to develop their potentiality, Leadership skills are learned behaviours that a person practices and hones over time. And leadership knowledge is acquired learning about the methods, strategies, successes and failures of other leaders in business and in different walks of life. The traits include intelligence, creativity, diplomacy, persuasiveness, and organizational ability. The difference of the three is an intrinsic character of the leader and the latter two are learned. And an effective leader combines all three: harnessing mixture of their natural characteristic, their learned replicable behaviors, and their mental data and learning into their own unique way to expressing themselves as a leader. Knowing well of the managerial function Besides, knowing well of the managerial function is also a must for a made leader. From day-to-day operating, they should be able to learn about planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling in order to lead their subordinates in an effective way. Planning refers to anticipate the opportunity, problems and conditions and choosing from among the alternative of future courses or actions. That includes forecasting, programming, scheduling and etc. The organization functions consist of developing the organization, delegating authority and establishing relations. Staffing is about planning the organization with suitable personnel constitutes the staffing function. Direction function involves managing people and work through the means of motivation, proper leadership, effective communication and coordination. Controlling function enables management to ensure the achievement is in accordance with the established plans. Communication skill Moreover, to be a made leader, we should train ourselves to make effective communication thru experience. The communication skill can definitely be improved if you have the desire to do it, a smart leader must always the â€Å"30 seconds message† which transmitting the most important message within the shortest time. Effective communication is more than just being able to speak and write. A leader’s communication must move people to work toward the goal the leader has chosen. Besides that, a leader has to be able to motivate everyone to contribute. Each of us have different â€Å"button†, a great leader should knows how to push to right button on everyone to make them really want to do their best to achieve the leader’s goal. This is definitely not born because leader could press the right buttons on everyone through understanding their personality. Honesty and Integrity, Forward looking, Independence and Innovation. In addition, the characteristic of a leader is also consisted by honesty and integrity, forward looking, independence and innovation. Once should not even be considered to become a leader without having demonstrated the honesty, integrity and trustworthiness to have and maintain a position of public trust. At all levels, individuals with integrity and honesty show moral courage by doing the right thing even when it is not popular or by expressing dissent when actions or pending decisions would violate organizational and/or constitutional values, laws, and regulations. In addition, they confront unethical behavior in others. Furthermore, the honestly and integrity is about following rules and regulation, this is made as we have no choice but have to follow the rules and regulation of the organization. As a great leader, we always need to be forward-looking toward any issue or problem. When people do not consider their leader forward-looking, that leader is usually suffering from one of two possible problems which are the leader doesn’t have a forward-looking vision and the leader is unwilling or scared to share the vision with others. The forward-looking attitude can be influenced by those people who are surrounding us with positive-minded, this can be made but not born. Last but not least, a great leader is also an innovator. Innovation is about making new tools, products and process, bring forth something â€Å"new† which allows human being to accomplish something they were not able to accomplish previously. We can be innovation through study, research, discuss and deliberated from past experience. Leaders must be tough enough to fight, tender enough to cry, human enough to make mistakes, humble enough to admit them, strong enough to absorb the pain, and resilient enough to bounce back and keep on moving. Leaders must be tough enough to fight, tender enough to cry, human enough to make mistakes, humble enough to admit them, strong enough to absorb the pain, and resilient enough to bounce back and keep on moving. Leader is made because a person becomes a leader through life and work experiences, through mentors and personal reflection. Leader takes time to develop and they were made just like anything else, through hard work. If you are given a chance, you practice, you can also be a leader.

Objective structured clinical examination Assessment of Critically Ill Patient Essay

This essay will critically analyse my performance throughout the Objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) assessment I completed, including the escalation strategy utilised by the Nation early warning scores (NEWS) (RCP, 2012) as a track and trigger tool (NICE, 2007). Based on the findings from the assessment interventions will be recommended and supported by evidence and formatted on the ABCDE approach I used in the OSCE. The ABCDE assessment is used as a tool to assess for the critically ill patients Airway, breathing, circulation, disability & elimination. (RCUK, 2005). It is a systematic approach that can assess the severity of the critically ill patient, assess and treat life threatening conditions and have rapid intervention when needed (Grindrod, 2012). During the Assessment I introduced myself to Mrs Jones to remained respectful, non-discrimitive and ensuring the comfort and dignity of my patient, to which I pulled the curtains (NMC, 2008). I gained verbal consent from the patient to carry out the physical assessment (NMC, 2008), although I should have gained consent at the beginning when I started talking to the patient. This is important because the patient needs to understand the proposed assessment, according to the NMC (2008) the process of establishing consent should demonstrate a clear level of accountability. If consent is refused then the patient’s wishes should be respected although the patient needs to be fully informed of what can happen (NMC, 2008). Standard precautions are put into place in the clinical setting to protect patients and staff which are vulnerable to infection. Alcohol based hand rubs are at the point of contact of each patient (NPSA, 2008) to help prevent hospital acquired infections and cross contamination (DOH, 2009), which I used prior to seeing Mrs Jones. Airway The assessment of Mrs Jones airway went well I assessed for an open airway by alking to her to see if there was any vocal response, Mrs Jones responded coherently so there was a patent airway, no noises were heard which can indicate partial obstruction of the airway (RCUK, 2010). Mrs Jones was able to cough to clear secretions independently. Lack of oxygen can lead to anaerobic respiration at a cellular level which produces acidosis as lactate is produced which can lead to hypoxia (Jevon, 2011). Breathing I looked for evidence of hypoxaemia by assessing mouth and oral mucosa for central cyanosis (O’Driscoll et al, 2008), none was evident. Respiratory rate was assessed over 1 full minute to ensure accuracy (Hunter, 2008) as deviation of 4 or more can be clinically significant (Subbe, 2006) The rate was raised at 24 which I record on the observation chart and the resperation rate falls in the orange band generating a score of 2, The acceptable normal respiration rate is 14 – 18 breaths per minute (Mallett & Doherty, 2001) indicating Mrs Jones could be compensating for metabolic alkalosis and It also contributes to the diagnosis and management of a variety of pathological conditions and helps to evaluate therapeutic interventions. Monitoring the patient’s respiration level is one of the most accurate indicators of deterioration, which is often poorly monitored and recorded Cretikos (2008). Accessory muscles should have been observed to assess for increased work of breathing, which would result in inadequate ventilation and poor gas exchange (Esmond, 2003). Oxygen saturations are considered the fifth vital sign (BTS,2008), and these were reduced at 93 %, normal range is 94% to 98% (BTS, 2008). I record on the observation chart whichs generates a score of 2. The drug chart was checked to see if target saturation has been identified and oxygen prescribes as per BTS (2008) guidance, and so 2L of oxygen was give via a nasal cannula to increase saturations to within target range. Mrs Jones was also sat up to increased functional residual capacity which helps to reduces the work of breathing helping to improve oxygenation (Kennedy, 2007). As per BTS (2008) guidance saturations were checked after 5 minutes and had risen to within target range. Crackles were heard on inspiration when I listened to Mrs Jones chest, this can be an indicator for pulmonary Oedema or pneumonia (Sheppard, 2003). Circulation Mrs Jones looked unsettled and felt cool and clammy, her radial pulse was easy to palpate but was very irregular which made me instigate an ECG, manually Mrs Jones pulse was 85bpm but recorded on the ECG was 114bpm that showed evidence of atrial fibulation (AF), the patient didn’t have a history of AF. Capillary refill was just over two seconds and blood pressure was115/85, I did not calculate the pulse pressure or arterial pressure. Her temperature was within normal range at 36. 3. I record the observations and the heart rate falls in orange band generating an additional score of 1. Mrs Jones explained that she had passed urine 5 hours ago which was 200mls. NICE (2007) state that an adult urine output should be measured at ‘>0. 5mls/kg/hr’, I knew this was low for the patient but I did not use the calculation to work out how much it was an hour, volumes of less than 0. 5ml/kg/hr can indicate cardiovascular compromise and renal impairment can occur (Dutton, 2012). Mrs Jones has signs of ankle oedema, which made me concerned for her fluid status so a fluid chart was commenced of intake and output. Disability Mrs Jones was awake and responding to myself using the AVPU tool, The AVPU scale is a quick and easy method to assess level of consciousness which can be affected by hypoxemia and hypercapnia (Palmer et al, 2006). It is ideal in the initial rapid ABCDE assessment (Smith, 2003) although a full assessment would require using the Glasgow coma scale (NICE, 2007). Mrs Jones blood glucose level was checked as this can rise as a result of sympathic activation, but the level is within normal range. Exposure With Mrs Jones consent I checked her invasive lines for phlebitis and her skin for any rashes, erythema or signs of pressure sores, all were normal and no phlebitis was noted. I did not assess to see if Mrs Jones had sacral Oedema, oedema only becomes apparent when the interstitial volumes has increased by 2. 5 – 3L (Porth, 2007) possible caused by heart failure. Care Escalation I documented all the patients’ observations on a NEWS Chart which generated a score of 7, this score then gives me appropriate actions to take as there is a marked deterioration of the patient. 7 or more triggers the Action of escalating care by contacting the medical registrar looking after the patient and also consider moving the patient to a level 2 or 3 care facility. When contacting the registrar I used the Situation, background, assessment and recommendation (SBAR) briefing model to tell the medical registrar about the patient so they are fully aware of the patient and their condition and actions I want them to take. The handover I gave to the registrar was slightly muddled and I jumped back and forth instead of remembering the systematic order that the tool was designed for there for I missed out information about Mrs Jones that could of been highly important to the doctor. Conclusion The ABCDE assessment gives health care professionals a framework which helps detect life threatening conditions and are addressed early. The patient I had during my assessment had a lot of complex issues but This approach helps remember the essential things and intervening and referring along the continuum of A to E helped reduce further determination progressing.

Byzantine Art essays

Byzantine Art essays A Painting In studying their prototypes the Byzantine artists learned anew the classical conventions for depicting the clothed figure, in which the drapery clings to the body, thus revealing the forms beneath-the so-called damp-fold style. They also wanted to include modeling in light and shade, which not only produces the illusion of three-dimensionality but also lends animation to the painted surfaces. Religious images, however, were only acceptable as long as the human figure was not represented as an actual bodily presence. The artists solved the problem by abstraction, that is, by rendering the darks, halftones, and lights as clearly differentiated patterns or as a network of lines on a flat surface, thus preserving the visual interest of the figure while avoiding any actual modeling and with it the semblance of corporeality. Thus were established those conventions for representing the human figure that endured for the remaining centuries of Byzantine art. B Architecture In contrast to the artistic experimentations in the Justinian age, the mid-Byzantine period was one of consolidation. Recurring types of the centralized church were established, and the program of their mosaic decoration was systematized in order to conform to Orthodox beliefs and practices. A common type of the mid-Byzantine centralized church was the cross-in-the-square. As at Hagia Sophia, its most prominent feature was the central dome over a square area, from which now radiated the four equal arms of a cross. The dome was usually supported, however, not by pendentives but by squinches (small arches) set diagonally in the corners of the square. The lowest portions of the interior were confined to the small areas that lay between the arms of the cross and the large square within which the whole church was contained. Under imperial sponsorship, Early Christian architecture flourished throughout the empire on a monumental scale. Buildings were of two ty...

Understanding The Great Gatsby Ending and Last Line

Understanding The Great Gatsby Ending and Last Line SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips As crucial as a detailed setting or the right mix of characters is to the success of a story, nothing quite packs a memorable gut punch like the perfect ending. Think about it: the way a story ends tends to shape our understanding of what we have just read. If it ended in love and marriage, then it must have been a love story. If it ended in death, then it was a tragedy. So what do we make of the The Great Gatsby ending? Why is there so much death? Why doesn't anyone get their just comeuppance? In this article, I'll talk about the significance of endings in general, and explore the meaning behind The Great Gatsby's last line, last paragraphs, and the conclusion of the plot. Quick Note on Our Citations Our citation format in this guide is (chapter.paragraph). We're using this system since there are many editions of Gatsby, so using page numbers would only work for students with our copy of the book. To find a quotation we cite via chapter and paragraph in your book, you can either eyeball it (Paragraph 1-50: beginning of chapter; 50-100: middle of chapter; 100-on: end of chapter), or use the search function if you're using an online or eReader version of the text. Why Is the Ending of a Book Important? An ending tends to reveal the meaning (or lack of meaning) in everything that came before it. It's a chance for the author to wrap up the preceding events with either an explanation that puts them into a broader context- or a chance for the author to specifically not do that. In general, endings come in many flavors. Straightforward Explanations. These endings tell us how to feel about the book. For example, think of Aesop's fables, each of which ends in an explicit moral lesson, or think of Victorian novels (like those of Charles Dickens) that end with the narrator giving rewards to the good characters and punishments to the bad ones. These endings close up the world of the novel, wrapping it in a neat bow. Outward Connections. Endings can also be ways for the reader to open up the world of the novel into the real world. This type of ending can ask the reader a question as the final sentence (like Hemingway's The Sun Also Rises). Even more dramatically, this can mean ending the novel mid-action, or even sometimes mid-sentence (like Kafka's The Castle). Philosophical Abstractions. Finally, endings can zoom out of the world of the novel altogether and become places for a deeper analysis of the nature of life or of being human. This type of ending is often reflective and could easily be divorced from everything that has come before to form its own pithy wisdom. The ending of The Great Gatsby falls into this last category. It's like that extreme zoom out shot at the end of a movie, which eventually zooms out enough to show us a tiny Earth in outer space. Understanding the Ending of The Great Gatsby So why does the novel end the way it does? The novel's abrupt and downbeat ending mostly poses more questions than it gives answers. Why do Gatsby, Myrtle, and George Wilson die? Why does Daisy go back to Tom? Why does no one come to Gatsby's funeral? It all feels kind of empty and pointless, especially after all the effort that Gatsby put into crafting his life, right? Well, that empty feeling is basically the whole point. F. Scott Fitzgerald was not particularly optimistic about the capitalist boom of the 1920s. To him, America was just like Europe in its disdain for new money, and the elites were scornful of the self-made men who were supposed to be the people living the ideals of the country. He saw that instead of actually being committed to equality, the country was still split into classes- just less acknowledged ones. So, in the world of the novel, Gatsby, for all his wealth and greatness, can buy himself a place in West Egg, but can never join the old money world of East Egg. His forward progress is for naught because he is in an environment that only pays lip service to the American Dream ideal of achieving success through hard work. The novel is a harsh indictment of the idea of the American Dream. Think about it: the actually "successful" people- successful in that at least they survive- (the Buchanans, Nick, and Jordan) are all old money; while those who fail (Gatsby, Myrtle, and George) are the strivers. All in all, the novel is a vision of a deeply unbalanced and unfair world. Interpreting the Last Paragraphs of The Great Gatsby The novel ends with a sad Nick contemplating the historic geography of Long Island: Most of the big shore places were closed now and there were hardly any lights except the shadowy, moving glow of a ferryboat across the Sound. And as the moon rose higher the inessential houses began to melt away until gradually I became aware of the old island here that flowered once for Dutch sailors' eyes- a fresh, green breast of the new world. Its vanished trees, the trees that had made way for Gatsby's house, had once pandered in whispers to the last and greatest of all human dreams; for a transitory enchanted moment man must have held his breath in the presence of this continent, compelled into an aesthetic contemplation he neither understood nor desired, face to face for the last time in history with something commensurate to his capacity for wonder. And as I sat there brooding on the old, unknown world, I thought of Gatsby's wonder when he first picked out the green light at the end of Daisy's dock. He had come a long way to this blue lawn and his dream must have seemed so close that he could hardly fail to grasp it. He did not know that it was already behind him, somewhere back in that vast obscurity beyond the city, where the dark fields of the republic rolled on under the night. Gatsby believed in the green light, the orgastic future that year by year recedes before us. It eluded us then, but that's no matter- tomorrow we will run faster, stretch out our arms farther. . . . And one fine morning- - So we beat on, boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past. (9.151-154) It's clear that the novel is trying to universalize Gatsby's experience in some way. But there are multiple layers of meaning creating this broadening of perspective. We Are All Jay Gatsby By ending the way it does, the novel makes Gatsby explicitly represent all humans in the present and the past. Compare this ending with the last paragraph of Chapter 1: But I didn't call to him for he gave a sudden intimation that he was content to be alone- he stretched out his arms toward the dark water in a curious way, and far as I was from him I could have sworn he was trembling. Involuntarily I glanced seaward- and distinguished nothing except a single green light, minute and far away, that might have been the end of a dock. When I looked once more for Gatsby he had vanished, and I was alone again in the unquiet darkness. (1.152) The language of the novel's ending paragraphs and the last paragraph of the first chapter links Gatsby's outstretched arms with the hopes of the Dutch sailors (the people of the past). Just as Gatsby is obsessed with the green light on Daisy's dock, so the sailors coming to this continent for the first time longed for the "green breast of the new world." For both, these green things are "the last and greatest of all human dreams": for Gatsby, it's his memory of perfect love, while for the sailors, it's the siren song of conquest. These two passages also connect Gatsby with the way we live today. Just as Gatsby "stretched out his arms toward the dark water in a curious way," so we also promise ourselves "tomorrow we will run faster, stretch out our arms farther." For all of us, life is all about constantly having to will ourselves into eternal optimism in the face of elusive dreams or challenging goals. Jay Gatsby's Life is All of America The novel's last paragraphs also touch on most of the novel's overarching themes, symbols, and motifs: the transformation of America from the idyllic, pristine frontier to the polluted metropolis the quest to win over a lost love, or the imperfection of real love versus an ideal love the way the past always influences, hangs over, and directs the present reinvention and perseverance, the rags to riches story versus the story of impersonation and deception the appeal and ultimate disappointment of the American Dream, and specifically the sense that it is fading away- just as New York has been completely transformed from "green breast of land" to corrupt city, all of America is escaping the pure dreams of its people New York City before the Europeans showed up to trash the place. The Last Line of The Great Gatsby The last sentence of this novel is consistently ranked in the lists of best last lines that magazines like to put together. So we beat on, boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past. So what makes this sentence so great? Close-Reading the Last Sentence of The Great Gatsby On a formal level, the line is very close to poetry, using the same techniques that poems do to sound good: It is written almost in iambics. (Iambic is a meter that alternates stressed and unstressed syllables to create a ta-DA-ta-DA-ta-DA-ta-DA pattern- it's most famous for being the meter Shakespeare used). There's a wave-like alliteration with the letter b, as we read the monosyllabic words "beat," "boats," "borne," and "back." (Alliteration is when words that start with the same sound are put next to each other.) Then this repeated b resolves into the matching unvoiced p of the word "past." (The sounds b and p are really the same sound, except when you say b you use your voice and when you say p you use the same mouth position but without using your vocal chords.) Other literary devices are at play as well: There a double meaning in the word "borne" which can mean either "shouldered like a heavy burden" or "given birth to." The sentence uses the metaphor of trying to row against the flow of current. We are like boats that propel themselves forward, while the current pushes us back toward our starting place. For boats, this happens in space, on a body of water, while for people, this happens in time, in the relationship between the past and the future. Interpreting the Meaning of the Last Sentence of The Great Gatsby There are three ways to interpret how Fitzgerald wants us to take this idea that we are constantly stuck in a loop of pushing forward toward our future and being pulled back by our anchoring past. #1: Depressing and Fatalistic If we go with the "heavy burden" meaning of the word "borne," then this last line means that our past is an anchor and a weight on us no matter how hard we try to go forward in life. In this case, life only an illusion of forward progress. This is because as we move into the future, everything we do instantly turns into our past, and this past cannot be undone or done over, as Gatsby attempted. This version of the ending says that people want to recapture an idealized past, or a perfect moment or memory, but when this desire for the past turns into an obsession, it leads to ruin, just as it lead to Gatsby's. In other words, all of our dreams of the future are based on the fantasies of a past, and already outdated, self. #2: Uplifting and Hopeful If, on the other hand, we stick with the "given birth to" aspect of "borne" and also on the active momentum of the phrase "so we beat on," then the idea of beating on is an optimistic and unyielding response to a current that tries to force us backward. In this interpretation, we resiliently battle against fate with our will and our strength- and even though we are constantly pulled back into our past, we move forward as much as we can. #3: Objectively Describing the Human Condition In the final version of the last line's meaning, we take out the reader's desire for a "moral" or some kind of explanatory takeaway (whether a happy or sad one). Without this qualitative judgment, this means that the metaphor of boats in the current is just a description of what life is like. In this way, the last line is simply saying that through our continuing efforts to move forward through new obstacles, we will be constantly reminded and confronted with our past because we can't help but repeat our own history, both individually and collectively. Which of these readings most appeals to you? Why? So, wait, "boats giving birth" is what we're going with here? The Bottom Line An ending tends to reveal the meaning (or lack of meaning) in everything that came before it: an explanation on how to feel about what has just been read. a way to open up the world of the novel into the real world. philosophical analysis of the nature of life or of being human- this is The Great Gatsby ending. The Great Gatsby ends in a way that feels kind of empty and pointless, especially after all the effort that Gatsby put into trying to recreate his and Daisy's love That empty feeling underscores Fitzgerald's pessimism about America as a place that only pays lip service to the idea of the American Dream of working hard and achieving success The novel's last paragraphs connect Gatsby to all of us now and for the humans of the past and touch on many of the novel's themes we are like boats that propel themselves forward, while the current pushes back The last line of The Great Gatsby is a metaphor of trying to row against the flow of current. We can take this metaphor to be: depressing and fatalistic, that the past is an anchor and that life only an illusion of forward progress uplifting, that we battle against fate with our will and our strength objectively describing the human condition, that we can't help but repeat our own history What's Next? Consider the significance of the green light at the end of Daisy's dock. Compare the meaning of the ending to our analysis of the beginning to see whether the novel's payoff reflects its starting assumptions. Analyze the character of Jay Gatsby to see how this flawed protagonist comes to represent humanity's striving for the unreachable. Investigate the themes of the American Dream and society and class to see how they are addressed in the rest of the novel. Explore the rest of Chapter 9 to see how the novel leads up to its conclusion. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Peer Review of the Things they carried Assignment

Peer Review of the Things they carried - Assignment Example The writer presents the idea that soldiers cease the be just men of the war, but begin to be people that carry with them thoughts, memories, emotions, and little trinkets that remind them of something other than the war. The reader simply needs to be aware of some of the goings-on during the Vietnam War, such as all of the basic facts. The reader should also know a little about what else was taking place throughout the world during the time of the war, which can help to give them insight into what many of the soldiers were leaving behind. The examples that are used are clear and appropriate. The writer did an excellent job at combining the use of phrases throughout the novel with the points that they were trying to get through to the reader. The examples that the writer uses, such as those that were italicized excerpts from the novel, are followed by statements and points that deal with the excerpts that the writer pointed out. There is quite an array of evidence and support for the claims that are made. The writer used articles that dealt with the specific points that the writer makes throughout the course of their essay. Furthermore, the writer also backs up their claims by using examples that can be found in the book that the essay is based on. Together, all of the outside pieces of information form enough evidence and support for what the writer is trying to convey. The topic that the writer chose is appropriate to the writing assignment. While it does not need to be more general, the writer needs to look at the different claims that they make and order them so that they flow together accordingly. The writer often jumped back and forth between topics, first explaining the physical things the soldiers carried, then explaining the emotional and mental things -- and then they jumped back to the physical objects. The writer began and ended their essay in a very intelligent fashion, beginning with the physical materials and ending with a

Assess the future prospects for British banks Essay

Assess the future prospects for British banks - Essay Example banks provide extremely good value for customers unlike in other countries where customers pay both to have bank account and for the services they use whereas in U.K. banks, they provide free banking including access to free debit card, free access to ATM’S, free use of cheques, internet banking etc. Their charges are transparent and are advised to customers when they open the account. Banks generally publish their tariff charges also. London is both home to the world headquarters of the major British banks, and the host to major trading activities of both US and Continental European banks. London today is with 264 foreign banks and has 20 % of international bank lending. So it becomes the largest center for cross border banking. British banks account for 5 of the worlds top 20 by market capitalization, while there are 7 in the rest of Europe, 6 in America, and the remaining 2 are Japanese (Smallwood, 2005). The development of a number of world-class British-based banks successes is based on their own competitiveness, and not on any degree of government subvention or protection. A consequence of this is that London is, and is likely to remain for at least some appreciable time, the most international of capital market centers. The UK accounts for 60 per cent of primary international bond trading, and 70 per cent of secondary. There are more companies listed on the London Stock Exchange than on either the New York or Tokyo exchanges. In the OTC derivatives market, the UK accounts for over 40 per cent of global trade, compared with 24 per cent for the US, 10 per cent for France, and 3 per cent for Germany. Our fund management and insurance industries are both the third largest in the world, behind those of the US and Japan. The good news is the present strength of banks: a high level of profitability, strong levels of capital, and risk management, which has

Assignment2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Assignment2 - Essay Example Glossary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..13 Images Image 1: The Waikato River System†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 Image 2: The Waikato River passing through Hamilton City†¦..5 Abstract The government of New Zealand has made it known that it intends to sell Mighty River Power together with some other assets; Mighty River Power is the sole proprietor of the Waikato River Hydro scheme which makes use of waters of the Waikato river water to generate hydroelectric power. A number of Maori organizations have indicated that they are against the sale because they believe they should have a say on the usage of the waters of river Waikato, and through the sale they will not be able to put this claim to the test. This issue has resulted in a nationwide debate regarding the ownership of the river’s waters, and is therefore worth discussing an d writing about. The Treaty of Waitangi, an agreement between the Maori tribes of New Zealand and the Britain’s colonial government, was signed in 1840 after much deliberation by the Queen and a growing concern for the welfare of New Zealand’s indigenous peoples (Orange 1987, pg.32). The Resource Management Act (RMA) was an act of parliament that was passed in 1991 for the primary purpose of stipulating how New Zealand’s natural resources should be managed, and the principles of the Treaty are regarded as the guiding framework of the Treaty of Waitangi. ... At the end of this report, this question should be solved and more clarity should be achieved with regards to this issue. 1. Introduction The Treaty of Waitangi is often viewed as the founding document of the country that is now known as New Zealand (Calman 2003, pg.30). Since its signing in 1840, it has played a very influential role in shaping the country, how its resources are managed and its relation to its indigenous peoples (in this case the Maori). Over years, there have been disagreements between the New Zealand government over the management of resources that the Maori people consider â€Å"theirs†. Most recently, the Crown’s intention to sell Mighty River Power has drawn criticism, outrage and uproar from various groups representing the Maori people. The purpose of this report is to discuss, examine and evaluate the Treaty, the RMA and the principles and to come up with a sensible and practical conclusion on the issue at hand. These three aspects are very impo rtant to the final outcome since they explain where all this is coming from and how it can be resolved. The significance of this report is that it will finally decide how to move forward in this whole conundrum; it will look at both parties’ claims and address them in a sound manner and finally put the matter to bed. This report will cover events and aspects dating from 1840 to the current and most recent controversy pitting the government of New Zealand and the Maori people. As a result, whatever conclusion is reached will be arrived at after a lot of factors are studied and examined exhaustively. Limitations to this study might be that so many changes have occurred since 1840, and yet everything in between must be looked into; the

Facebook Organisational Culture Case Study

Facebook Organisational Culture Case Study Managers with conceptual skills are able to see the organization as a whole, conceptualize about abstract and complex situations ´ and to think strategically (Robbins Coulter 2005). With reference to Forbes Magazine, Mark Zuckerberg, the creator of marvel Facebook and one of the youngest billionaire yet, contributes the ability of vast conceptual skills. Zuckerberg has the ability to think critically and plan for long term. For example, he is able to see the potential of success by using the Internet to connect with people more effectively. Therefore, he created Facebook at 2004 and now it becomes the largest social networking site with millions of users worldwide. Moreover, Zuckerberg carries out his role as disturbance handler with the combination of conceptual skill to solve the difficulties. For instance, he received criticize from users when Facebook introduced new features and issues about privacy. However, Zuckerberg resolve these problems appropriately and continue to oper ate the company successfully. Although Zuckerberg made mistakes in decision making, most of the people believed that he have the potential to improve his conceptual skill and consequently bring Facebook to upper level of achievement. As the CEO of Facebook, Zuckerberg plays multiple roles in managing the organization. Directing, training, motivating and organizing subordinates, supervising their improvement, promoting and reassuring their development are the duties required from the role of leader (LMC 2008). As a leader, Zuckerberg is skilled in making clear decision and limiting unwanted debate. Employees are allowed to recommend various solutions and gain knowledge on possible problems solved by him. Employees are encouraged to argue with his thought on projects to find a better solution (Bosworth 2010). Zuckerberg plays a good leader role by adapting in the human skills and conceptual skills. Next role that he is acting on is resource allocator, which carries the responsibility related to resources allocation of the organization among all concerned people or department. It involves budgeting, scheduling, allocation of duty to subordinates and authorization. From time to time, Zuckerberg has been scheduling for the ‘f8 platform† which is the â€Å"like† button in Facebook. There is three f8 in total in which the first one occuring on May 24th, 2007, second one happening on July 23rd, 2008 and consequently the third one happening on April 21-22 in 2010. During this period, the active user had increase tremendously. Figurehead role involves handling ceremonial and symbolic activities for the department or organization (Daft 2010). Mark Zuckerberg has successfully carried out the role of figurehead in Web 2.0 global social networking trend. For example, Zuckerberg discusses hiring the right people and challenges of an entrepreneur in the lectures on Entrepreneurship for Stanford University students on October 26, 2005 (Entrepreneurial Thought Leaders Lecture 2005). Furthermore, Zuckerberg planned to set up a foundation with $100 million of Facebooks closely held stock to the Newark Public Schools in New Jersey (Martinez Fowler 2010). His philanthropic donation has helped to improve Facebook image. The figurehead role played by Zuckerberg has enabled him to get more attention than Googles co-founder, Larry Page and Sergey Brin. In general Mark Zuckerberg use a great skill of conceptual skills and plays extensive character in all informational, interpersonal and decisional roles in the Facebook which allows and makes it to be the leading social media today. Q2) The only thing that would not change in the world is: the world is kept on changing. The external organizational environment is the elements happen outside of its boundary and may affect the growth of the organization. Figure 1 shows that Facebooks number of users is obviously more than its competitor, Twitter. Although Facebook currently rank as the top social networking sites, they still have to persist in innovating to hold on the honor. From the dimension of legal-political, Facebook created an opportunity that encourages users to share information online for the purpose of communication and business transactions. Unfortunately, it is also a threat that causes Facebook confronts disputation on privacy issue once beacon is launched. Beacon is a platform which takes data from 44 web destinations and combined with Facebooks internal information for the purpose of advertising. It allowed third parties site being posted on the wall of the users profile. It can also track everything people done online even they had logout from Facebook and despite who is using the computer. Regarding to this issue, many investigations have been carried out by security researcher â€Å"Wednesday†, Canadian privacy commissioner, Press coverage and European Commission. There is more than 100 million users personal information being used or spread out to the public without users authorization. This issue is not just about data leakage for user but also for developers and marketers who uses Facebook to operate their business. To pacify this issue, Facebook paid $9.5 million settlement to a class action lawsuit and it is being approved (Kravets 2010). Under the settlement, Facebook agreed to terminate Beaon platform started from November 2009. Facebook should provide a more user friendly privacy settings for the user to avoid the issue above to happen again. For international and sociocultural dimension, Table 1(pg) indicates that the number of users in USA is surprisingly high and owns the first place in the ranking. Although China and India has the largest population in the world but India only owns the fifth place. However, Table 2 (pg) indicates that a month later, India is the leading country which owns the highest audience growth rate. Reason for China did not appear in the ranking is Facebook is being censored by China since 2009. Prediction made by Daft said that â€Å"China will overtake United State economy as number one by midcentury† (Daft 2010, p.66). Unfortunately, China banned Facebook bring down a lot registration in China Mainland population which is about 1,330,141,295 (CIA World Factbook, Jan 2011) and opportunities to generate profit. China government always being tight to the access of internet, information flow and media banned Facebook because of the fatal riots happen in western region of Xinjiang in provin ce of China. Perhaps they believe that such an action will contain the reports or discussions of the riots or stop them from happening completely. Recent news reported that, Mark Zuckerberg still wanted to get connected to China and is now creating some localized version of site to fit Chinas government and hope to launch it in China. Therefore, every organization should be prepared to react to subtle environment shifts and adapt to various challenges environment that are increasingly dynamic. Facebook had tried their best to grapple with challenges like settlement of privacy issues and intervention with China. After conquering the challenges, Facebook is now one step nearer to its mission to connect the whole world. Q3) Ravasi and Schultz (2006) define organisation culture as a set of shared mental assumptions that guide organisation understanding and action by defining appropriate behaviour for various situations. In the past, hierarchy of management is vital for a corporate. However, CEO of Facebook, Mark Zuckerberg has created a relaxed, unstructured and open corporate culture that emphasizes more on equality (Boissonneau 2011). At Facebook, there are no cubicles, no walls, just mainly office furniture. This enables employees to work in a relaxed environment as they have more employee freedom with no standard work schedules. Furthermore, Facebooks managers also practice this working environment. Sheryl Sandberg, Facebooks Chief Operating Officer, and even Zuckerberg himself has no office. They work among the employees in the open workspace that could enhance openness and problem solving process. Every Friday, Zuckerberg holds a public question-and-answer session for an hour for the entire organisation. The openness created by this session, according to Zuckerberg, encourages collaboration, team-work and an informal atmosphere and communication among organisation. Facebook is ballooning into an empire, but it remains shabby, funky and slightly adorable. That is partly attributable to a workplace that combines playful start-up culture with muscular ambition and bite. â€Å"Facebooks goal is to be viewed as a â€Å"hip geek culture† in order to attract the best talent† (Finch 2011). Zuckerberg is responsible for the foundations of this culture, creating a fun environment by knocking a gong when someone finishes a big coding project. Facebook even hired well-known graffiti artist David Choe to paint murals in its first offices. According to Yiannopoulos, theres a block of Facebooks meeting rooms named after inventors, with one given to Al Gore, who invented the internet (2011). Facebook uses adaptability culture to interpret and respond quickly to the high-risk decision-making and rapid alteration environment. Besides, Facebook adapts involvement culture that emphasizes employees needs and responses towards environment changes. Face book is creating an intrinsically social culture, rather than enterprise software or geeky, engineer-driven algorithms. At Facebook, the employees can play video or table tennis games whenever they need to unwind on the job. This fun working environment has increased employees job satisfaction. Job satisfaction is the primary factor in intrinsic motivation. Therefore, due to the corporate culture recognized by Zuckerberg, Facebook employees are satisfied with their jobs and as a result do their jobs well and raise the productivity of Facebook. Facebooks slogan is â€Å"Facebook is a social utility that connects you with the people around you†. This slogan explains slightly about the social platform. Facebook has taken a very practical standpoint on providing a social network by created a framework and are expecting users to do most of the work. Facebook internal environment changes when Zuckerberg brought on Sheryl Sandberg, a respected executive from Google in March 2008. Besides, Zuckerberg is willing to take risks by hired Chris Cox, who was grad school dropout as Facebook HR manager. Organisational hierarchy was generally indicated through the price of suit. However, Zuckerberg has changed this culture by still wears T-shirts, jeans and Adidas flip-flops to work just as he did in 2004, when he co-founded Facebook at age 19 (Deneen 2011). Mark Zuckerberg shows effectiveness as a cultural leader for Facebook by able and willing to take the risks in hiring the executives for the company and motivate employees to achieve Facebooks goals by established a comfortable, amusing and unstructured corporate culture. Q4) As time passed, many professions developed several management theories as a guide for manager to run the organization. There are Classical Perspective, which occurred during nineteenth and early twenty, Management Science Perspective, which emerged during World War Two, Recent Historical Trend which happen after the World War Two and Modern Management which combine all different theories. Today business world required different management thinking and theory to fits in different industries and achieve organisational goals (Sridhar n.d). Facebook is the new trend in twenty-first century, which manage and lead by the founder name Mark Zuckerberg. Humanistic perspective was conducted by Mary Parker Follett and Chester Barnard. They believe that manager need to first value peoples feelings, needs, thoughts and social relations (Daft 2010). Mark Zuckerberg had this management thinking of creating a social network that allowed people all over the world to engage which each other and get updates even faster. Besides, Zuckerberg also adapting this theory to his employees by providing those free meals along the day, bottomless finger foods and unrestricted dry cleaning service. He allowed subordinates to express themselves, motivate them to have the same goals as the organisations goals by giving opinions on improvement of the organisation. He claims that an office is only a place to gather people to brain storming to generate profits and human are the most important resources for the organisation. Therefore, he design his headquarter with no wall between departments, and meeting rooms are located at the middle of work space separat ed by glass walls so everyone can see through the meetings. Besides, a study under ‘A Theory of Human Motivation of Abraham Maslow theories claims that people are influenced by several needs in pyramid order (Kendra n.d). Zuckerberg has fulfilled three levels of need for employees by providing employees free meals and considerable income to satisfied physical needs, allowing them to disclose their thoughts and opinions, appreciate them contribute many ideas and plans to run the business. This will increase employees esteem needs and belief that they are the proper source in helping make the world improve, and Zuckerberg will somehow challenge employees to meet certain goals (Bosworth 2010). This theory will increase organisation growth and acknowledges employees to fulfil their self-actualization needs. But, it required more psychological thinking from Zuckerberg, takes time for him to observe employees personalities and make organisation goals as part of their interest goals. Learning organisation is a modern theory which allows people not afraid to make mistakes and hope they can learn from the mistakes. It allows managers to raise the capability to discover and grow (Senge 1990:3). When Facebook dealing with the mistakes they made in beacon, they understand that not all people like to disclose their thoughts to the public, certain privacy are required from them. Facebook has learnt from this mistake and change their privacy settings. But, they also face the challenge of missing certain trust and confidence from the user. After Zuckerberg combining classical and modern theory, facebook will be creating a better competitive advantage to adapt into today rapid change world. Facebook will be more effective and efficient after adapting with all the theory, although Zuckerberg face a certain weight of challenges.